5. Assume Mark's utility function is given by u(x1, x2) = x1x2. The prices of goods 1 and 2 are p₁ and p2, respectively, and his income is m. (a) Find the optimal levels of consumption for goods 1 and 2. (b) Assume the government imposes a per unit tax t on good 1. Find his new consumption bundle. (c) Now assume the government imposes an income tax of tion bundle. tm 2(p₁+t)* Find his new consump-

5. Assume Mark's utility function is given by u(x1, x2) = x1x2. The prices of goods 1 and 2 are p₁ and p2, respectively, and his income is m. (a) Find the optimal levels of consumption for goods 1 and 2. (b) Assume the government imposes a per unit tax t on good 1. Find his new consumption bundle. (c) Now assume the government imposes an income tax of tion bundle. tm 2(p₁+t)* Find his new consump-

ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

14th Edition

ISBN:9780190931919

Author:NEWNAN

Publisher:NEWNAN

Chapter1: Making Economics Decisions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1QTC

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Suppose that i's preferences over goods x and y are represented by the following utility function U₁(x, y)=x45¹5. Let m denote the consumer's income, p denote the price of good x and let the price of good y equal 1. A) Find the Marshallian demand functions for goods x and y. B) Show how each of the demand function is affected by a change in the price of good x. C) Which of the goods is an inferior good?
2. Suppose there are two goods in the economy: Food (F) and Composite good (Y), with Pp = 1 and Py = 2. Consider a consumer who has utility function u(F,Y) = InF + In Y and income I = $100. (a) Find the consumer's consumption choice. (b) Suppose, to promote better nutrition, the government institutes a welfare program that gives every consumer with income less than $500 additional $100. Find the consumer's new consumption choice. How much of the government's payment went into purchasing Food? (c) Suppose rather than giving cash, the government gives a voucher that can only be used to purchase (up to) $100 worth of Food. How does this affect the consumer's consumption choice? (d) Which of the two programs is more effective in achieving the government's goal? Explain.
An individual consumes two goods, X and Y, and receives utility according to a Cobb-Douglas production function of the form: U(X,Y)= X1/3Y2/3. Give that MUX= 13(MUYMUX)2/3 and MUY= 23(MUXMUY)1/3 find the consumers optimal demand functions for X and Y in terms of PX, PY, and I. Explain why I could have solved the problem above using the utility function U(X,Y)= XY2 and would have obtained the same answer. What is it about utility that makes this possible?     Economists define the ‘certainty equivalent’ of a risky stream of income as the amount of guaranteed money an individual would accept instead of taking a risk. The certainty equivalent varies between individuals based on their risk preference.
2) A consumer of two goods, either 1 or 2, has a utility function U (X1, X2) = x1 0,6.x2 0.4, where x denotes units of good 1 and x2 units of good 2. The price of good 1 is 5 euros per unit, the price of good 2 is 3 euros per unit and the consumer's income is 150 euros. Suppose only the price of good 1 changes and so does the new one price is p1‘ = 2. Then the Slutsky substitution effect with respect to good 1 is Choose one: A) Not defined B) 10.8 C) 8.8 D) 7.8 E) 9.8
Suppose we are able to model the total utility function for the consumption of two goods, good x and good z. The utility function is structured as U(x, z) = 3x2 + z2 - 2xz. The consumer is faced with the prices of goods x and z. The price for each unit of good x and z is $1 each. The consumer has an income $1 (in thousands). How many units of each good should the consumer consume so as to maximize his/her utility?
A consumer has an income of $400 and is deciding between two products: X and Y. Assume that the X product is the horizontal axis product. The price of X is $10 and the price of Y is $2. Assume the consumer currently wants to consume 50 units of product Y to maximize his utility. a) Write out the equation to this consumers budget line. What is the slope to this budget constraint? b) How much of X and Y will the consumer consume to maximize his utility subject to his budget constraint. C) Now assume the price of X changes to $5 and price of Y and Income stays the same. At the new price, the consumer wants to buy 60 units of product X to maximize her utility given her budget. How much X and Y will the consumer consume to maximize utility. g in the before and after the change of the budget constraint and indifference graph on the same graph space. Show all necessary points. Label clearly. ead oubstitutiofs. Draw d) Write out the expression of the utiiity maximizing ruie here.?
A consumer’s preferences over two goods x and y are given bythe utility function U(x, y) = xαyβ with α, β > 0. The prices of the goods are px = 2 and py = 4.The consumer has an income of I > 0.(a) For what values of α and β are these utility functions strictly monotone?(b) For what values of α and β will the consumer demand (i.e., Walrasian demand) be more x than y?(c) For what values of α and β are these goods gross substitutes? For what values of α and β are these goods gross complements? Provide a justification for your answer.
2. Vibha consumes three goods X, (shirts), X, (food in pounds), and X, (shelter in square feet). Vibha's utility function is given by: U (X,, X, X,) = 5ln Xt 3ln X + 2ln X, where In (x) or log. (x) is the natural logarithm. Vibha's weekly income is $100. Let the price of X, = P, = $10, the price of X, = P, = $2, and the price of X, = P; = $4. What is the equation for Vibha's budget constraint? а. b. |How many shirts, pounds of food, and square feet of shelter, will Vibha consume, as a rational consumer?
2. Suppose that a consumer's utility function is given by xy U (x, y) = x + y Denote the price of good x by pæ, the price of good y by Py, and consumer's income by w. Find this consumer's Marshallian demand functions and indirect utility function.
Ricky has utility function u=x'y. This implies that MUx=2xy. MUy=x². His income is 100. The price of y is 10. (a) Find his demand for x at price 20. (b) Find his demand for x at price 30. (c) Write down his demand function for x: that is, write down his demand for x as a function of the price of x.
Utility maximization with a budget constraint. A hypothetical consumer spends all tgheir income on ramen noodles (N) and wild rice (W). N is the quantity of noodles; W is the quantity of wild rice. Their income is $1,600 per month. the price of noodles is $2 per package and the price of wild rice is $20 per pound. The utility function is U=sqrt(N*W). the MRS = -N/W. The budget constraint is: 1,600 = 2*N + 20*W Graph Qty of noodles (N) on vertical axis and Qty of wild rice (W) on horizontal axis. SOLVE: a. Graph the budget constraint. label all points. What is the slope of the budget constraint? b. Find the optimal quantities of noodles(# of packages) and the wild rice (# of pounds) given the budget constraint. graph these optimal quantities. draw your indifference curve on the same graph. c. Show on your graph what happens when the price of wild rice increases to $40 per pound. Find your new optimal quantities of noodles and wild rice. label all points on graph. label the…
9) The satisfaction obtained by a consumer of good 1 and good 2 can be represented by the utility function u (X1, X2) = X1 + 2X2 If the price of good 1 is p1 = 2 and the price of good 2 p2 = 3 its income is positive, then Choose one: A)The consumer will demand a positive amount of good 2 and will not demand anything good 1 B)The consumer will demand) a positive amount of good 1 1 will not demand anything good 2 C)The consumer will demand a positive amount but not necessarily the same amount of both goods. D)We cannot make any statement as to the quantity demanded of each good E)The consumer will demand an equal (positive) amount of both goods