Reactive Intermediates
In chemistry, reactive intermediates are termed as short-lived, highly reactive atoms with high energy. They rapidly transform into stable particles during a chemical reaction. In specific cases, by means of matrix isolation and at low-temperature reactive intermediates can be isolated.
Hydride Shift
A hydride shift is a rearrangement of a hydrogen atom in a carbocation that occurs to make the molecule more stable. In organic chemistry, rearrangement of the carbocation is very easily seen. This rearrangement can be because of the movement of a carbocation to attain stability in the compound. Such structural reorganization movement is called a shift within molecules. After the shifting of carbocation over the different carbon then they form structural isomers of the previous existing molecule.
Vinylic Carbocation
A carbocation where the positive charge is on the alkene carbon is known as the vinyl carbocation or vinyl cation. The empirical formula for vinyl cation is C2H3+. In the vinyl carbocation, the positive charge is on the carbon atom with the double bond therefore it is sp hybridized. It is known to be a part of various reactions, for example, electrophilic addition of alkynes and solvolysis as well. It plays the role of a reactive intermediate in these reactions.
Cycloheptatrienyl Cation
It is an aromatic carbocation having a general formula, [C7 H7]+. It is also known as the aromatic tropylium ion. Its name is derived from the molecule tropine, which is a seven membered carbon atom ring. Cycloheptatriene or tropylidene was first synthesized from tropine.
Stability of Vinyl Carbocation
Carbocations are positively charged carbon atoms. It is also known as a carbonium ion.
5) What should be the molecular formula of the product of this reaction?
C9H12BrO
C9H10Br
C9H13Br
C9H11Br
6) Where is the product after the 60 min?
it did not form because this reaction cannot take place
it is the top layer in the flask
it is the bottom layer in the flask
it is the solid precipitate
7) After separating the layers, the organic layer has 1-2 scoops of anhydrous sodium sulfate added to it until it stops clumping. Why is the sodium sulfate added?
To dry the organic layer by causing the water remaining to evaporate
It is the nucleophile in this reaction
To dry the organic layer by complexing with any water that remains dissolved in it
To neutralize the acid left over from the reaction
8) Alcohol 4 is a chiral compound. If pure R-(+)-1-phenyl-propan-2-ol was used, how could the mechanism be determined?
Since it is secondary, it is unclear if it would be Sn1, Sn2, or some of both. If it was Sn1, the product should be a racemic mixture. If it was Sn2, the product should be S-(-)-1-phenyl-2-bromopropane.
Since it is tertiary, it must go through Sn2, which means the product's stereochemistry would be inverted.
Since it is primary, it must go through Sn1, which has no effect on the stereochemistry of the product. It would stay R-(+)-1-phenyl-2-bromopropane
Since it is primary, it must go through Sn1, which means the product would be a racemic mixture
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