4,500,000 Sales (150,000 @ P30) Cost of Goods Sold: Materials 1,050,000 1,500,000 450,000 Labor Variable Factory Overhead Fixed Factory 500,000 3,500,000 1,000,000 Overhead Gross Profit Variable Marketing Expenses Fixed Marketing Expenses Fixed Manufacturing Expenses Operating Income 135,000 185,000 180,000 500,000 500,000
Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis
Cost Volume Profit (CVP) analysis is a cost accounting method that analyses the effect of fluctuating cost and volume on the operating profit. Also known as break-even analysis, CVP determines the break-even point for varying volumes of sales and cost structures. This information helps the managers make economic decisions on a short-term basis. CVP analysis is based on many assumptions. Sales price, variable costs, and fixed costs per unit are assumed to be constant. The analysis also assumes that all units produced are sold and costs get impacted due to changes in activities. All costs incurred by the company like administrative, manufacturing, and selling costs are identified as either fixed or variable.
Marginal Costing
Marginal cost is defined as the change in the total cost which takes place when one additional unit of a product is manufactured. The marginal cost is influenced only by the variations which generally occur in the variable costs because the fixed costs remain the same irrespective of the output produced. The concept of marginal cost is used for product pricing when the customers want the lowest possible price for a certain number of orders. There is no accounting entry for marginal cost and it is only used by the management for taking effective decisions.
ABC Company has made the following projections regarding cost increases: DM will increase by 5%; DL 8%; and 6% for all other costs including fixed costs. The company has the capacity to produce 200,000 units.
Consider the following various proposals made by the division managers: a) maintain the current volume and selling price; b) manufacture and sell at capacity and reduce the unit price by ₱2; c) manufacture and sell 180,000 units, increase the unit price by ₱2, and spend an extra ₱300,000 on advertising.
What is the operating income of A, B, and C
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