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45 A research group is studying the effect of blue light at nighttime on sleep quality. Researchers assign subjects randomly to two groups. One group uses cellphones or tablets at night before bed, and the other group has no access to any screens for two hours before bed. The group with no blue light reported falling asleep faster and sleeping better. What is the appropriate conclusion? There is a causal relationship between use of blue light and sleep quality. There is no association between use of blue light and sleep quality. There is an association between use of blue light and sleep quality, but no causation can be concluded. There is a causation between use of blue light and sleep quality, but no association can be concluded.

45 A research group is studying the effect of blue light at nighttime on sleep quality. Researchers assign subjects randomly to two groups. One group uses cellphones or tablets at night before bed, and the other group has no access to any screens for two hours before bed. The group with no blue light reported falling asleep faster and sleeping better. What is the appropriate conclusion? There is a causal relationship between use of blue light and sleep quality. There is no association between use of blue light and sleep quality. There is an association between use of blue light and sleep quality, but no causation can be concluded. There is a causation between use of blue light and sleep quality, but no association can be concluded.

A First Course in Probability (10th Edition)
A First Course in Probability (10th Edition)
10th Edition
ISBN:9780134753119
Author:Sheldon Ross
Publisher:Sheldon Ross
Chapter1: Combinatorial Analysis
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1.1P: a. How many different 7-place license plates are possible if the first 2 places are for letters and...
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45 A research group is studying the effect of blue light at nighttime on sleep quality. Researchers assign subjects randomly to two groups. One group uses cellphones or tablets night before bed, and the other group has no access to any screens for two hours before bed. The group with no blue light reported falling asleep faster and sleeping better. What is the appropriate conclusion? There is a causal relationship between use of blue light and sleep quality. There is no association between use of blue light and sleep quality. There is an association between use of blue light and sleep quality, but no causation can be concluded. There is a causation between use of blue light and sleep quality, but no association can be concluded.
Transcribed Image Text:45 A research group is studying the effect of blue light at nighttime on sleep quality. Researchers assign subjects randomly to two groups. One group uses cellphones or tablets night before bed, and the other group has no access to any screens for two hours before bed. The group with no blue light reported falling asleep faster and sleeping better. What is the appropriate conclusion? There is a causal relationship between use of blue light and sleep quality. There is no association between use of blue light and sleep quality. There is an association between use of blue light and sleep quality, but no causation can be concluded. There is a causation between use of blue light and sleep quality, but no association can be concluded.
43 Obedience classes were held for dogs and cats. The percentage of pets that passed was recorded daily and after two days, totals were calculated. The results are displayed in the table. Is Simpson's paradox evident in this data? Day 1 Day 2 Total Dogs 30/50= 60% 38/50-76% 68/100=68% No, as long as we compare the percentages not the total numbers. No, because the pass rates were different each day. Cats Yes, because more dogs participated in the obedience classes. 1/2=50% 6/8= 75% 7/10=70% Yes, because the daily percentage for dogs is higher but overall the percentage of cats is higher.
Transcribed Image Text:43 Obedience classes were held for dogs and cats. The percentage of pets that passed was recorded daily and after two days, totals were calculated. The results are displayed in the table. Is Simpson's paradox evident in this data? Day 1 Day 2 Total Dogs 30/50= 60% 38/50-76% 68/100=68% No, as long as we compare the percentages not the total numbers. No, because the pass rates were different each day. Cats Yes, because more dogs participated in the obedience classes. 1/2=50% 6/8= 75% 7/10=70% Yes, because the daily percentage for dogs is higher but overall the percentage of cats is higher.
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