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42 Which statement best describes the Federal Reserve System? A It was established in 1913 and lasted until the stock market crash of 1929. B It let private bankers control the economy through the interest rates on loans. C It was established in 1913 and continues to regulate the money supply today D It was established in 1913 and backed U.S. currency with silver.

42 Which statement best describes the Federal Reserve System? A It was established in 1913 and lasted until the stock market crash of 1929. B It let private bankers control the economy through the interest rates on loans. C It was established in 1913 and continues to regulate the money supply today D It was established in 1913 and backed U.S. currency with silver.

ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
14th Edition
ISBN:9780190931919
Author:NEWNAN
Publisher:NEWNAN
Chapter1: Making Economics Decisions
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Littell/Houghton Mifflin Company REVIEW . CALIFORNIA CONTENT STANDARD 11.6.1 Money and the Economy Specific Objective: Describe the monetary issues of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries that gave rise to the establishment of the Federal Reserve and the weaknesses in key sectors of the economy in the late 1920s. Read the summary to answer questions on the next page. Establishing the Federal Reserve System Through the late 1800s, banks often closed during economic crises. The federal government or the banking system could not increase the supply of money or credit. People lost what they deposited, and paper money could not be exchanged for gold. Crises in 1873, 1883, and 1893 caused many banks to fail and businesses to go bankrupt. After a huge bank failed in 1907, Congress came up with a plan. • The Federal Reserve System was established in 1913 under President Wilson. • The Federal Reserve System still functions today to prevent bank failures and regulate the supply of money. A Weak Economy That Seemed Strong From the beginning of World War I in 1914 until 1929, everyone believed the U.S. economy was stronger than it had ever been. But during the late 1920s, problems in the economy began to build up. Before the stock market crashed in 1929, the U.S. economy had the following problems: Uneven distribution of wealth-The richest people got richer while workers' wages increased only slightly. With only a small increase in their income, most people couldn't afford to buy all of the products of U.S. industry. Too much production with too little demand-Factories continued to produce more and more goods, but people could not afford them. Warehouses were filled with unsold goods. Most major industries had slowed down by the middle of 1929. Widespread use of credit-People began to buy goods on credit. Many owed more money than they could pay back. By the end of the 1920s, buying slowed. Stock speculation-Because it seemed the stock market would always keep rising, many people borrowed money to buy stocks. If the stocks did not rise, those who had borrowed would not have the money to pay for them. Farm problems-Farmers had problems as soon as the war ended. Many had borrowed money to buy more land and grow more crops. After the war, European farmers started producing again, and prices dropped for American farm products. The government did not help farmers, and many lost their farms. Weak industries Older industries such as iron, railroads, mining, and textiles did not share in the general prosperity. International economic problems-The United States kept tariffs high on foreign goods to protect U.S. industries. However, if foreign countries could not sell goods in the United States, they could not afford to buy U.S. exports or to pay back loans.
Transcribed Image Text:Littell/Houghton Mifflin Company REVIEW . CALIFORNIA CONTENT STANDARD 11.6.1 Money and the Economy Specific Objective: Describe the monetary issues of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries that gave rise to the establishment of the Federal Reserve and the weaknesses in key sectors of the economy in the late 1920s. Read the summary to answer questions on the next page. Establishing the Federal Reserve System Through the late 1800s, banks often closed during economic crises. The federal government or the banking system could not increase the supply of money or credit. People lost what they deposited, and paper money could not be exchanged for gold. Crises in 1873, 1883, and 1893 caused many banks to fail and businesses to go bankrupt. After a huge bank failed in 1907, Congress came up with a plan. • The Federal Reserve System was established in 1913 under President Wilson. • The Federal Reserve System still functions today to prevent bank failures and regulate the supply of money. A Weak Economy That Seemed Strong From the beginning of World War I in 1914 until 1929, everyone believed the U.S. economy was stronger than it had ever been. But during the late 1920s, problems in the economy began to build up. Before the stock market crashed in 1929, the U.S. economy had the following problems: Uneven distribution of wealth-The richest people got richer while workers' wages increased only slightly. With only a small increase in their income, most people couldn't afford to buy all of the products of U.S. industry. Too much production with too little demand-Factories continued to produce more and more goods, but people could not afford them. Warehouses were filled with unsold goods. Most major industries had slowed down by the middle of 1929. Widespread use of credit-People began to buy goods on credit. Many owed more money than they could pay back. By the end of the 1920s, buying slowed. Stock speculation-Because it seemed the stock market would always keep rising, many people borrowed money to buy stocks. If the stocks did not rise, those who had borrowed would not have the money to pay for them. Farm problems-Farmers had problems as soon as the war ended. Many had borrowed money to buy more land and grow more crops. After the war, European farmers started producing again, and prices dropped for American farm products. The government did not help farmers, and many lost their farms. Weak industries Older industries such as iron, railroads, mining, and textiles did not share in the general prosperity. International economic problems-The United States kept tariffs high on foreign goods to protect U.S. industries. However, if foreign countries could not sell goods in the United States, they could not afford to buy U.S. exports or to pay back loans.
42 Which statement best describes the Federal Reserve System? A It was established in 1913 and lasted until the stock market crash of 1929. B It let private bankers control the economy through the interest rates on loans. C It was established in 1913 and continues to regulate the money supply today. D It was established in 1913 and backed U.S. currency with silver.
Transcribed Image Text:42 Which statement best describes the Federal Reserve System? A It was established in 1913 and lasted until the stock market crash of 1929. B It let private bankers control the economy through the interest rates on loans. C It was established in 1913 and continues to regulate the money supply today. D It was established in 1913 and backed U.S. currency with silver.
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