4.69. Ethanol can be produced commercially by the hydration of ethylene: C₂H4 + H₂O → C₂H5OH Some of the product is converted to diethyl ether in the side reaction 2C2H5OH → (C2H5)₂O + H₂O The feed to the reactor contains ethylene, steam, and an inert gas. A sample of the reactor effluent gas is analyzed and found to contain 43.3 mole% ethylene, 2.5% ethanol, 0.14% ether, 9.3% inerts, and the balance water. a. Take as a basis 100 mol of effluent gas, draw and label a flowchart, and do a degree-of-freedom analysis based on atomic species to prove that the system has zero degrees of freedom.15 b. Calculate the molar composition of the reactor feed, the percentage conversion of ethylene, the fractional yield of ethanol, and the selectivity of ethanol production relative to ether production. c. The percentage conversion of ethylene you calculated should be very low. Why do you think the reactor would be designed to consume so little of the reactant? (Hint: If the reaction mixture remained in the reactor long enough to use up most of the ethylene, what would the main product constituent probably be?) What additional processing steps are likely to take place downstream from the reactor?
4.69. Ethanol can be produced commercially by the hydration of ethylene: C₂H4 + H₂O → C₂H5OH Some of the product is converted to diethyl ether in the side reaction 2C2H5OH → (C2H5)₂O + H₂O The feed to the reactor contains ethylene, steam, and an inert gas. A sample of the reactor effluent gas is analyzed and found to contain 43.3 mole% ethylene, 2.5% ethanol, 0.14% ether, 9.3% inerts, and the balance water. a. Take as a basis 100 mol of effluent gas, draw and label a flowchart, and do a degree-of-freedom analysis based on atomic species to prove that the system has zero degrees of freedom.15 b. Calculate the molar composition of the reactor feed, the percentage conversion of ethylene, the fractional yield of ethanol, and the selectivity of ethanol production relative to ether production. c. The percentage conversion of ethylene you calculated should be very low. Why do you think the reactor would be designed to consume so little of the reactant? (Hint: If the reaction mixture remained in the reactor long enough to use up most of the ethylene, what would the main product constituent probably be?) What additional processing steps are likely to take place downstream from the reactor?
Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
8th Edition
ISBN:9781259696527
Author:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart
Publisher:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart
Chapter1: Introduction
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1.1P
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![**4.69. Ethanol Production from Ethylene Hydration**
Ethanol can be produced commercially by the hydration of ethylene:
\[ \text{C}_2\text{H}_4 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH} \]
Some of the product is converted to diethyl ether in the side reaction:
\[ 2\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH} \rightarrow (\text{C}_2\text{H}_5)_2\text{O} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \]
The feed to the reactor contains ethylene, steam, and an inert gas. A sample of the reactor effluent gas is analyzed and found to contain 43.3 mole% ethylene, 2.5% ethanol, 0.14% ether, 9.3% inerts, and the balance water.
**Tasks:**
a. Take as a basis 100 mol of effluent gas, draw and label a flowchart, and perform a degree-of-freedom analysis based on atomic species to demonstrate that the system has zero degrees of freedom.
b. Calculate the molar composition of the reactor feed, the percentage conversion of ethylene, the fractional yield of ethanol, and the selectivity of ethanol production relative to ether production.
c. The percentage conversion of ethylene you calculated should be very low. Why do you think the reactor would be designed to consume so little of the reactant? (Hint: If the reaction mixture remained in the reactor long enough to use up most of the ethylene, what would the main product constituent probably be?) What additional processing steps are likely to take place downstream from the reactor?](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fcef3f1b2-56cd-4f45-949e-fc7a38ef994c%2F36768c9a-d76a-4ed6-90da-6ea85998a4e7%2F4qtbfb_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:**4.69. Ethanol Production from Ethylene Hydration**
Ethanol can be produced commercially by the hydration of ethylene:
\[ \text{C}_2\text{H}_4 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH} \]
Some of the product is converted to diethyl ether in the side reaction:
\[ 2\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH} \rightarrow (\text{C}_2\text{H}_5)_2\text{O} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \]
The feed to the reactor contains ethylene, steam, and an inert gas. A sample of the reactor effluent gas is analyzed and found to contain 43.3 mole% ethylene, 2.5% ethanol, 0.14% ether, 9.3% inerts, and the balance water.
**Tasks:**
a. Take as a basis 100 mol of effluent gas, draw and label a flowchart, and perform a degree-of-freedom analysis based on atomic species to demonstrate that the system has zero degrees of freedom.
b. Calculate the molar composition of the reactor feed, the percentage conversion of ethylene, the fractional yield of ethanol, and the selectivity of ethanol production relative to ether production.
c. The percentage conversion of ethylene you calculated should be very low. Why do you think the reactor would be designed to consume so little of the reactant? (Hint: If the reaction mixture remained in the reactor long enough to use up most of the ethylene, what would the main product constituent probably be?) What additional processing steps are likely to take place downstream from the reactor?
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