4. Why do longitudinal modes occur in a laser beam? A HeNe laser (n= 1) has a cavity length of 60cm and an output wavelength of 632.8 nm. Find the mode spacing.
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![4. Why do longitudinal modes occur in a laser beam? A HeNe laser (n = 1) has a cavity
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- A mode-locked laser has a linewidth of 100nm at a center wavelength 1050nm. Assume the pulse shape is hyberbolic secant and it is transform limited. What is the pulse width (in fs)? (round all answers to 1 sig. fig. after decimal point) a.116.0 b.11.6 c.5.8 d.58.0 e.100.0Suppose you measured a spectrum of a laser source which peaks at a wavelength of 810 nm. Find the energy (in eV) associated with this wavelength. From the LED spectrum data you want to find the width of the peak at half the height of the peak. The wavelengths at which the intensity is half of its peak value are 630 nm and 666 nm respectively. Using these wavelengths determine the width of the peak in units of energy (eV). From the N2 spectrum data you noted two prominent peaks at wavelengths 330 nm and 350 nm. Determine the energy associated with each peak. The larger energy represents the energy difference between the vibrational ground states of two molecular orbitals (denoted by C’IIu and B³IIL). The smaller one represents the energy difference between the vibrational ground state of the C'II, orbital and first excited vibrational state of B³II.. The difference between these energies represents the energy difference between the ground and first excited vibrational levels. Find this…Quartz is a uniaxial birefringent material with refractive indices no=1.5534 and ne=1.5443. It is desired to make a quarter-wave plate of quartz for use with a Sodium laser of wavelength λ0=589 nm. Calculate the minimum thickness of the plate.Give your answer in micrometers to 1 d.p.
- 2) A thin crystal of the metal oxide with a tetragonal crystal structure and lattice parameters a = 4.05 Å and c = 2.517 Å is tilted so that a 200 kV electron beam travels along the [001] zone axis. Create a schematic diagram of zero order Laue zone (ZOLZ) diffraction pattern for a crystals of thickness: a) 75 Å b) 400 Å You should assume there are no forbidden reflections and that the diffraction intensity drops to zero when the excitation error, s, exceeds the first minimum of the relrod. You should show the approximate number of beams in the ZOLZ circle. (10)Potassium iodide has an interplanar spacing of d = 0.296 nm. A monochromatic X-ray beam shows a first-order diffraction maximum when the grazing angle is 7.4°. Calculate the X-ray wavelength ?.? = answer in nmThe inner surface of a fluorescent light bulb is coated with a wavelength shifting material. Without this coating, Question 3 options: The light would be too dim for human eyes. The light would be too bright for human eyes. The light would not escape the bulb. The light would not be visible to human eyes.