4. Which of these best describes what happens to the energy of the H₂O molecules as a sample of ice melts at 0°C? A) The kinetic energy increases and the potential energy decreases. B) The potential energy increases and the kinetic energy decreases. C) The potential energy remains the same and the kinetic energy increases. D) The kinetic energy remains the same and the potential energy increases. E) The potential energy and the kinetic energy both increase. ㅑ
4. Which of these best describes what happens to the energy of the H₂O molecules as a sample of ice melts at 0°C? A) The kinetic energy increases and the potential energy decreases. B) The potential energy increases and the kinetic energy decreases. C) The potential energy remains the same and the kinetic energy increases. D) The kinetic energy remains the same and the potential energy increases. E) The potential energy and the kinetic energy both increase. ㅑ
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Thermochemistry
Thermochemistry can be considered as a branch of thermodynamics that deals with the connections between warmth, work, and various types of energy, formed because of different synthetic and actual cycles. Thermochemistry describes the energy changes that occur as a result of reactions or chemical changes in a substance.
Exergonic Reaction
The term exergonic is derived from the Greek word in which ‘ergon’ means work and exergonic means ‘work outside’. Exergonic reactions releases work energy. Exergonic reactions are different from exothermic reactions, the one that releases only heat energy during the course of the reaction. So, exothermic reaction is one type of exergonic reaction. Exergonic reaction releases work energy in different forms like heat, light or sound. For example, a glow stick releases light making that an exergonic reaction and not an exothermic reaction since no heat is released. Even endothermic reactions at very high temperature are exergonic.
Question
![**4. Which of these best describes what happens to the energy of the H₂O molecules as a sample of ice melts at 0°C?**
A) The kinetic energy increases and the potential energy decreases.
B) The potential energy increases and the kinetic energy decreases.
C) The potential energy remains the same and the kinetic energy increases.
D) The kinetic energy remains the same and the potential energy increases.
E) The potential energy and the kinetic energy both increase.
**Physical Data for Water**
- \( T_{mp} = 0°C \)
- \( T_{bp} = 100°C \)
- \( \Delta H_{fus} = 334 \, \text{J/g} \)
- \( \Delta H_{vap} = 2260 \, \text{J/g} \)
- \( C_{liquid} = 4.184 \, \text{J/g°C} \)
- \( C_{solid} = 2.09 \, \text{J/g°C} \)
- \( C_{gas} = 2.03 \, \text{J/g°C} \)
**5. Three ice cubes at 0°C with a total mass of 48.22 g are placed in a glass of tea. How much heat will be absorbed from the tea in order to completely melt the ice?**
\[ q = \_\_\_\_\_\_ \, \text{kJ} \]
**6. Heat is applied to a sample of solid ice until the entire sample is converted to hot vapor. The heating curve for the process is shown here (not to scale). If each of the heat values given below corresponds to one line segment in the heating curve, which heat value corresponds to the line segment labeled 4?**
Diagram Description:
- A heating curve graph with temperature (\(°C\)) on the y-axis and heat on the x-axis.
- The graph indicates five segments, labeled 1 through 5.
**Options for Heat Values (Joules):**
A) 4232 J
B) 5481 J
C) 45,090 J
D) 56,484 J
E) 305,100 J](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fa4a40cee-b6e7-4175-94ff-7eded3f3eb47%2Ff5280454-1ff4-47db-a876-fd51ed69a3c9%2F1u8asvi_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:**4. Which of these best describes what happens to the energy of the H₂O molecules as a sample of ice melts at 0°C?**
A) The kinetic energy increases and the potential energy decreases.
B) The potential energy increases and the kinetic energy decreases.
C) The potential energy remains the same and the kinetic energy increases.
D) The kinetic energy remains the same and the potential energy increases.
E) The potential energy and the kinetic energy both increase.
**Physical Data for Water**
- \( T_{mp} = 0°C \)
- \( T_{bp} = 100°C \)
- \( \Delta H_{fus} = 334 \, \text{J/g} \)
- \( \Delta H_{vap} = 2260 \, \text{J/g} \)
- \( C_{liquid} = 4.184 \, \text{J/g°C} \)
- \( C_{solid} = 2.09 \, \text{J/g°C} \)
- \( C_{gas} = 2.03 \, \text{J/g°C} \)
**5. Three ice cubes at 0°C with a total mass of 48.22 g are placed in a glass of tea. How much heat will be absorbed from the tea in order to completely melt the ice?**
\[ q = \_\_\_\_\_\_ \, \text{kJ} \]
**6. Heat is applied to a sample of solid ice until the entire sample is converted to hot vapor. The heating curve for the process is shown here (not to scale). If each of the heat values given below corresponds to one line segment in the heating curve, which heat value corresponds to the line segment labeled 4?**
Diagram Description:
- A heating curve graph with temperature (\(°C\)) on the y-axis and heat on the x-axis.
- The graph indicates five segments, labeled 1 through 5.
**Options for Heat Values (Joules):**
A) 4232 J
B) 5481 J
C) 45,090 J
D) 56,484 J
E) 305,100 J
![Sure! Here is the transcribed text suitable for an educational website:
---
**Thermochemistry and Chemical Reactions**
1. **Two aqueous reactants are mixed in a flask with a balloon over the top and the following change is observed.** What are the signs on \( q \) and \( w \) for the system? Enter \( >, <, \) or \( = \) in each box below.
![Diagram: Two flasks connected by a horizontal arrow, the first flask labeled 25°C and the second flask labeled 32°C. A balloon is shown over the second flask.]
\[
\begin{array}{c}
q \\
\hline
w & 0 \\
\end{array}
\]
2. **You drop a piece of potassium metal into water and the following exothermic reaction occurs:**
\[
2 \, \text{K(s)} + 2 \, \text{H}_2\text{O(l)} \rightarrow 2 \, \text{KOH(aq)} + \text{H}_2\text{(g)}
\]
What are the signs on \( q \) and \( w \) for this reaction, at constant temperature and pressure?
A) \( q \) is positive and \( w \) is negative.
B) \( q \) is negative and \( w \) is positive.
C) \( q \) and \( w \) are both negative.
D) \( q \) and \( w \) are both positive.
E) There is not enough information given.
3. **What is the change in internal energy when one mole of helium gas in a flexible-walled container at STP is heated to 100°C?** (\( C_{He(g)} = 5.30 \, \text{J/g}°\text{C} \))
\[
\Delta U = \quad \text{J}
\]
---
*In the first question, a temperature increase is depicted as a flask going from 25°C to 32°C with a balloon over it, suggesting expansion work being done. The signs \( q \) and \( w \) need to be determined based on these changes.*
*In the exothermic reaction shown in question 2, heat is released and gas is produced](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fa4a40cee-b6e7-4175-94ff-7eded3f3eb47%2Ff5280454-1ff4-47db-a876-fd51ed69a3c9%2Fj7nq3ex_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:Sure! Here is the transcribed text suitable for an educational website:
---
**Thermochemistry and Chemical Reactions**
1. **Two aqueous reactants are mixed in a flask with a balloon over the top and the following change is observed.** What are the signs on \( q \) and \( w \) for the system? Enter \( >, <, \) or \( = \) in each box below.
![Diagram: Two flasks connected by a horizontal arrow, the first flask labeled 25°C and the second flask labeled 32°C. A balloon is shown over the second flask.]
\[
\begin{array}{c}
q \\
\hline
w & 0 \\
\end{array}
\]
2. **You drop a piece of potassium metal into water and the following exothermic reaction occurs:**
\[
2 \, \text{K(s)} + 2 \, \text{H}_2\text{O(l)} \rightarrow 2 \, \text{KOH(aq)} + \text{H}_2\text{(g)}
\]
What are the signs on \( q \) and \( w \) for this reaction, at constant temperature and pressure?
A) \( q \) is positive and \( w \) is negative.
B) \( q \) is negative and \( w \) is positive.
C) \( q \) and \( w \) are both negative.
D) \( q \) and \( w \) are both positive.
E) There is not enough information given.
3. **What is the change in internal energy when one mole of helium gas in a flexible-walled container at STP is heated to 100°C?** (\( C_{He(g)} = 5.30 \, \text{J/g}°\text{C} \))
\[
\Delta U = \quad \text{J}
\]
---
*In the first question, a temperature increase is depicted as a flask going from 25°C to 32°C with a balloon over it, suggesting expansion work being done. The signs \( q \) and \( w \) need to be determined based on these changes.*
*In the exothermic reaction shown in question 2, heat is released and gas is produced
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