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- 3.Students A and B decide whether to clean the dormitory. Regardless of whether the other party participates, the cleaning cost for each student to clean the dormitory is $ 8; and the benefit for each student from cleaning is $5 times the number of participants. (hint: if both of them clean the dormitory together, A and B benefit. If one cleans while the other does not, A and B benefit too) (a) Please use a game theory to briefly describe the above scenario, (that is to calculate the revenue for different strategies) (b) Draw the payoff matrix, find the Nash equilibrium.4. Consider a normal form game with N= {1,2} and S= {A,B,C,D} x {W,X,Y,Z}. Assume that L1 allows to eliminate D and X, L2 allows to eliminate B and C, and L3 allows to eliminate Z. Provide payoffs that lead to this outcome. State the rationality assumptions explicitly.3. Nash Equilibria Consider the following (normal-form) game. Compute a Nash Equilibrium of this game. U C D L | M R 5,0 1,3 4,0 2,4 1,4 3,5 0,1 1,0 5,0
- 35. The following problem was first considered by John von Neumann and is a fundamentalresult game theory.A and B play the following game:A writes down either number 1 or number 2, and B must guess which one.If the number that A has written down is i and B has guessed correctly, B receives i units from A.If B makes a wrong guess, B pays 4/5 of a unit to A.First we consider the expected gain of player B.Suppose B guesses 1 with probability p and 2 with probability 1 −p.Let X1 denote B’s gain (or loss) in a game where A has written down 1.Let X2 denote B’s gain (or loss) in a game where A has written down 2.(a) Find the pmf of X1 and X2(b) Find B’s expected gain for these two cases, E[X1] and E[X2].(c) What value of p maximizes the minimum possible value of B’s expected gain?Now consider the expected loss of player ASuppose that A writes down 1 with probability q and 2 with probability 1 −q.Let Y1 be A’s loss (or gain) if B chooses number 1.Let Y2 be A’s loss (or gain) if B…Question 5 Consider following extensive form game Keep Prices (8,2) Advertise Lower Prices (4,6) O Advertise; Lower Prices Firm 1 O Advertise; Keep Prices Firm 2 O Not Advertise; Keep Prices Not Advertise The subgame perfect Nash-equilibrium is O Not Advertise; Lower Prices Keep Prices (6,10) O Lower Prices (3,7) 5 pts
- 20) Given the payoff matrix in the figure, the Nash equilibrium outcome of this game is for: Ajinomoto Produce 30 Produce 40 million pounds million pounds Ajinomoto makes $180 million Ajinomoto makes $200 million Produce 30 million ADM makes $180 million ADM makes $150 million pounds Ajinomoto makes $150 million Ajinomoto makes $160 million Produce 40 million ADM makes $200 million ADM makes $160 million pounds O A. each firm to produce 30 million pounds. B. each firm to produce 40 million pounds. C. ADM to produce 30 million pounds and for Ajinomoto to produce 40 million pounds. D. ADM to produce 40 million pounds and for Ajinomoto to produce 30 million pounds. ADMImage attched1. Static and Dynamic Game. Consider the following 2-by-2 game: C D 1A (1,10) (1,1) B (2, a) (0,1) (a) erwise, find the pure-strategy Nash equilibria, if any of this game. (There is no need to look for equilibria in mixed strategies) Assume for now that a = 2. Using dominant strategies or oth- (b) Now, consider the dynamic game in which player 1 moves before player 2, and the payoffs remain unchanged. i.: possible strategies for each player? Recall that a strategy profile for a player not at the initial node of the game tree must specify an action for the player at every node. Draw the game tree for this dynamic game. What are the ii "Find the backward-induction solution(s) to this game. Calculate the equilibrium payoffs for each player. Com- pared to the simultaneous game, is there a first-mover advantage or a ii. second-mover advantage? (c) Now, assume that a = 0 in the original static game. i. Find all the Nash equilibria in pure and mixed strategies. Denoting p the probability…