4. (Problem 2.7) A parallel-plate flow chamber is being designed to study the adhesion of leukocytes to endothelium. The channel width is 2 cm. Determine channel heights that can be used to generate wall shear stresses (i.e., Tyx(y = -h/2) = tw) as high as 20 dyn cm² with flow rates less than 2 cm³ s¹. The viscosity of the tissue culture liquid medium is 0.0087g cm³¹ s¹.

3.2. Wall Shear Stress and Pressure: The average blood velocity through an internal carotid artery with a diameter ? = ? mm during resting conditions was measured to be ? = ?? cm/s. Assuming Poiseuille flow through the arterial segment and a viscosity coefficient of ? = 3.5 cP for whole blood, determine the following:a) The shear stress ? that the endothelial cells in the artery are being subjected to. b) The average pressure gradient ∆?/? required to maintain steady flow at ? = ?? cm/s.

9. If the blood viscosity is 2.7x10-3 Pa.s, length of the blood vessel is 1 m, radius of the blood vessel is 1 mm, calculate the tubular resistance of the blood vessel (in GPa.S/m3 ). If the blood pressure at the inlet of the above vessel is 43 mm Hg and if the blood pressure at the outlet of the above vessel is 38 mm Hg. Calculate the flow rate (in ml/min).

1. A capillary tube is being used to measure the viscosity of a Newtonian liquid. The tube has a 4-cm diameter and a length of 20 cm. Estimate the viscosity coefficient for the liquid if a pressure of 2.5 kPa is required to maintain a flow rate of 1 kg/s. The liquid density is 998 kg/m3 2. Calculate the viscosity of a fluid that would allow a pressure drop of 35 kPa over a 5 – m length of 3.4 in. stainless steel sanitary pipe if the fluid is flowing at 0.12 m3/hr and has a density of 1010 kg/m3. Assume laminar flow. 3. At 2 cm diameter, 5 cm long capillary-tube viscometer is being used to measure viscosity of 10 – Pa.s liquid food. Determine the pressure required for measurement when a flow rate of 1 kg/min is desired and ρ= 1000 kg/m3.