4. Home water softeners operate by passing "hard water," which contains calcium and mag- nesium ions, through a column of cation exchange resin in which the following exchange reaction takes place: ++-++ in hard water + 2 Na+ in soft water Surface of plastic resin Surface of plastic resin The calcium and magnesium ions replace the sodium ions on the resin and are hence removed from the water. The sodium ions, of course, are released from the resin and end up taking the place of the calcium and magnesium ion in the water. This type of water- softening system is therefore not recommended for individuals on sodium-restricted diets. About once a week the resin must be regenerated. A saturated solution of NaCl is passed through the resin and all the calcium and magnesium ions are replaced with sodium ions. Use Le Châtelier's principle to explain why the regeneration works despite the fact that the resin binds calcium and magnesium ions much more strongly than sodium ions.

4. Home water softeners operate by passing "hard water," which contains calcium and mag- nesium ions, through a column of cation exchange resin in which the following exchange reaction takes place: ++-++ in hard water + 2 Na+ in soft water Surface of plastic resin Surface of plastic resin The calcium and magnesium ions replace the sodium ions on the resin and are hence removed from the water. The sodium ions, of course, are released from the resin and end up taking the place of the calcium and magnesium ion in the water. This type of water- softening system is therefore not recommended for individuals on sodium-restricted diets. About once a week the resin must be regenerated. A saturated solution of NaCl is passed through the resin and all the calcium and magnesium ions are replaced with sodium ions. Use Le Châtelier's principle to explain why the regeneration works despite the fact that the resin binds calcium and magnesium ions much more strongly than sodium ions.

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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Question

4. Home water softeners operate by passing "hard water," which contains calcium and mag-
nesium ions, through a column of cation exchange resin in which the following exchange
reaction takes place:
Na
II
0=1=0
Surface of plastic resin
Na
0=1=0 + Ca+²
in hard
water
Ca+2
0=S=0 0=s=0 + 2 Na+
in soft
water
mmmm
Surface of plastic resin
The calcium and magnesium ions replace the sodium ions on the resin and are hence
removed from the water. The sodium ions, of course, are released from the resin and end
up taking the place of the calcium and magnesium ion in the water. This type of water-
softening system is therefore not recommended for individuals on sodium-restricted diets.
About once a week the resin must be regenerated. A saturated solution of NaCl is passed
through the resin and all the calcium and magnesium ions are replaced with sodium ions.
Use Le Châtelier's principle to explain why the regeneration works despite the fact that
the resin binds calcium and magnesium ions much more strongly than sodium ions.

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