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4. Give the major and minor products of the following reaction and identify each. H3C Br CH3 H Ph CH3 NaOH, H₂O SN2 NaOH, H₂O SN2

4. Give the major and minor products of the following reaction and identify each. H3C Br CH3 H Ph CH3 NaOH, H₂O SN2 NaOH, H₂O SN2

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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**Question 4:** Give the major and minor products of the following reaction and identify each. **Reaction 1:** - Reactant: A chlorinated compound with the molecular structure showing a chlorine (Cl) attached to a secondary carbon. The compound also has methyl (CH₃) and phenyl (Ph) groups. - Reagent: Sodium hydroxide in water (NaOH, H₂O), under an Sₙ2 reaction condition. **Reaction 2:** - Reactant: A brominated cyclohexane compound with a methyl (CH₃) group. - Reagent: Sodium hydroxide in water (NaOH, H₂O), under an Sₙ2 reaction condition. **Explanation:** - **Sₙ2 Reaction Mechanism:** Sₙ2 reactions involve a single concerted step where the nucleophile attacks the electrophile, leading to the simultaneous displacement of the leaving group. This results in inversion of configuration at the carbon center. - **Major and Minor Products:** The major product will typically be the one where the nucleophile (OH⁻) effectively replaces the leaving group (Cl or Br), maintaining the Sₙ2 transition state preference for less hindered, primary, or secondary carbons. The minor products, if any, might arise from steric hindrance or competing side reactions. In both scenarios, the major product will have the OH group substituting the halogen, leading to an alcohol formation with an inverted stereochemistry relative to the original reactant.
Transcribed Image Text:**Question 4:** Give the major and minor products of the following reaction and identify each. **Reaction 1:** - Reactant: A chlorinated compound with the molecular structure showing a chlorine (Cl) attached to a secondary carbon. The compound also has methyl (CH₃) and phenyl (Ph) groups. - Reagent: Sodium hydroxide in water (NaOH, H₂O), under an Sₙ2 reaction condition. **Reaction 2:** - Reactant: A brominated cyclohexane compound with a methyl (CH₃) group. - Reagent: Sodium hydroxide in water (NaOH, H₂O), under an Sₙ2 reaction condition. **Explanation:** - **Sₙ2 Reaction Mechanism:** Sₙ2 reactions involve a single concerted step where the nucleophile attacks the electrophile, leading to the simultaneous displacement of the leaving group. This results in inversion of configuration at the carbon center. - **Major and Minor Products:** The major product will typically be the one where the nucleophile (OH⁻) effectively replaces the leaving group (Cl or Br), maintaining the Sₙ2 transition state preference for less hindered, primary, or secondary carbons. The minor products, if any, might arise from steric hindrance or competing side reactions. In both scenarios, the major product will have the OH group substituting the halogen, leading to an alcohol formation with an inverted stereochemistry relative to the original reactant.
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