4. For the systems described by the following equations, with the input x(t) and output y(t), determine whether the systems are linear, causal, time-invariant and dynamic. Also, find the orders of systems. d³y a) dt³ + y(t) = x(t+2) 3 dy d² y dt² b) dt -+ y(t) = x(t-2)

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### Analysis of Linear Systems Described by Differential Equations

#### Problem Statement:

For the systems described by the following equations, with the input \( x(t) \) and output \( y(t) \), determine whether the systems are linear, causal, time-invariant, and dynamic. Also, find the orders of the systems.

a) 
\[ \frac{d^3y}{dt^3} + y(t) = x(t + 2) \]

b)
\[ \left( \frac{dy}{dt} \right)^3 + \frac{d^2y}{dt^2} + y(t) = x(t - 2) \]

c) (crossed out)
\[ \frac{d^5y}{dt^5} - \frac{d^3y}{dt^3} + y(t) = x(t + 2) \]

d) (crossed out)
\[ y^2(t) + \sin(y(t)) = x^2(t) \]

#### Property Analysis:

Below is a table summarizing the properties and orders of the systems:

| Property           | Systems |
|--------------------|---------|
|                    | a | b | c | d |
| Linear (Y/N)       |   |   |   |  |
| Causal (Y/N)       |   |   |   |  |
| Time-Invariant (Y/N) |   |   |   |  |
| Dynamic (Y/N)      |   |   |   |  |
| Order              |   |   |   |  |

#### Explanation:

- **Linear System**: A system is linear if it obeys superposition and scaling principles.
- **Causal System**: A system is causal if its output at any time depends only on values of the input at the present time and in the past, not the future.
- **Time-Invariant System**: A system is time-invariant if its behavior and characteristics do not change over time.
- **Dynamic System**: A system is dynamic if its output depends on past or future inputs, as opposed to just the present input.
- **Order of the System**: The order is determined by the highest derivative of \( y(t) \) in the differential equation.

#### Analyzing Each System:
- **System a)**:
  \[ \frac{d^3y}{dt^3}
Transcribed Image Text:### Analysis of Linear Systems Described by Differential Equations #### Problem Statement: For the systems described by the following equations, with the input \( x(t) \) and output \( y(t) \), determine whether the systems are linear, causal, time-invariant, and dynamic. Also, find the orders of the systems. a) \[ \frac{d^3y}{dt^3} + y(t) = x(t + 2) \] b) \[ \left( \frac{dy}{dt} \right)^3 + \frac{d^2y}{dt^2} + y(t) = x(t - 2) \] c) (crossed out) \[ \frac{d^5y}{dt^5} - \frac{d^3y}{dt^3} + y(t) = x(t + 2) \] d) (crossed out) \[ y^2(t) + \sin(y(t)) = x^2(t) \] #### Property Analysis: Below is a table summarizing the properties and orders of the systems: | Property | Systems | |--------------------|---------| | | a | b | c | d | | Linear (Y/N) | | | | | | Causal (Y/N) | | | | | | Time-Invariant (Y/N) | | | | | | Dynamic (Y/N) | | | | | | Order | | | | | #### Explanation: - **Linear System**: A system is linear if it obeys superposition and scaling principles. - **Causal System**: A system is causal if its output at any time depends only on values of the input at the present time and in the past, not the future. - **Time-Invariant System**: A system is time-invariant if its behavior and characteristics do not change over time. - **Dynamic System**: A system is dynamic if its output depends on past or future inputs, as opposed to just the present input. - **Order of the System**: The order is determined by the highest derivative of \( y(t) \) in the differential equation. #### Analyzing Each System: - **System a)**: \[ \frac{d^3y}{dt^3}
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