Answered: 4. Examine the reaction energy diagram…

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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Transcribed Image Text:### Reaction Energy Diagram Analysis #### Examine the reaction energy diagram below for the generic reaction C → D. a) **Is the reaction endothermic or exothermic, and by how much energy?** b) **What is the estimated activation energy for the forward reaction?** c) **What is the estimated activation energy for the reverse reaction?** #### Diagram Description: - **X-axis:** Represents the progress of the reaction, indicating the transition from reactants (C) to products (D). - **Y-axis:** Represents energy in kJ (kilojoules). ### Analysis of the Diagram: The diagram shows an energy profile for a chemical reaction where the reactants (C) transition to products (D). There is an initial energy level for C, a peak representing the activation energy, and finally, a lower energy level for D. 1. **Reaction Type (Endothermic or Exothermic):** - Endothermic reactions absorb energy, resulting in products with higher energy than reactants. - Exothermic reactions release energy, resulting in products with lower energy than reactants. - **Energy Change Calculation:** - Initial energy at C: approximately 20 kJ - Final energy at D: approximately 40 kJ - Energy change (ΔE): 40 kJ - 20 kJ = +20 kJ - Since the energy of the products (D) is higher than the energy of the reactants (C), the reaction is **endothermic** by **20 kJ**. 2. **Activation Energy for the Forward Reaction:** - **Forward reaction (C → D):** The activation energy is the energy required to reach the peak from the reactants (C). - **Energy Calculation:** - Peak energy: approximately 75 kJ - Initial energy for C: approximately 20 kJ - Activation energy: 75 kJ - 20 kJ = **55 kJ** 3. **Activation Energy for the Reverse Reaction:** - **Reverse reaction (D → C):** The activation energy is the energy required to reach the peak from the products (D). - **Energy Calculation:** - Peak energy: approximately 75 kJ - Final energy for D: approximately 40 kJ - Activation energy: 75 kJ - 40 kJ = **35 k

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