4. Draw the possible resonance structures for compounds C and D. Include lone pairs and indicate non-zero formal charges. Circle the minor resonance contributor for compound C. :O: C Ꭰ
Electronic Effects
The effect of electrons that are located in the chemical bonds within the atoms of the molecule is termed an electronic effect. The electronic effect is also explained as the effect through which the reactivity of the compound in one portion is controlled by the electron repulsion or attraction producing in another portion of the molecule.
Drawing Resonance Forms
In organic chemistry, resonance may be a mental exercise that illustrates the delocalization of electrons inside molecules within the valence bond theory of octet bonding. It entails creating several Lewis structures that, when combined, reflect the molecule's entire electronic structure. One Lewis diagram cannot explain the bonding (lone pair, double bond, octet) elaborately. A hybrid describes a combination of possible resonance structures that represents the entire delocalization of electrons within the molecule.
Using Molecular Structure To Predict Equilibrium
Equilibrium does not always imply an equal presence of reactants and products. This signifies that the reaction reaches a point when reactant and product quantities remain constant as the rate of forward and backward reaction is the same. Molecular structures of various compounds can help in predicting equilibrium.
![**Title: Resonance Structures of Compounds C and D**
**Objective:**
- To draw the possible resonance structures for compounds C and D.
- To include lone pairs and indicate non-zero formal charges.
- To identify the minor resonance contributor for compound C.
**Compound C:**
Compound C depicts a structure with:
- A carbon chain.
- An oxygen atom double-bonded to a carbon with two lone pairs.
- An alcohol functional group with the oxygen bearing a negative formal charge and three lone pairs.
- Carbon atoms arranged in a linear format with one bonded to an oxygen in a carbonyl-like structure.
**Compound D:**
Compound D depicts:
- A six-membered ring containing one nitrogen atom and one oxygen atom outside the ring.
- A double-bonded oxygen attached to the ring as a carbonyl group.
- A nitrogen atom bonded within the ring structure.
**Instructions:**
1. Draw each possible resonance structure for compounds C and D.
2. Ensure that lone pairs are included for accuracy.
3. Clearly indicate any atoms with non-zero formal charges.
4. Identify and circle the minor resonance contributor for compound C.
**Illustrative Explanation:**
- **Lone Pairs**: Essential to accurately represent the electron distribution around atoms.
- **Non-zero Formal Charges**: Crucial in determining the stability and contributing resonance forms.
- **Minor Resonance Contributor**: Typically less stable due to unfavorable charge distribution or steric hindrance.
**Educational Importance:**
Understanding resonance structures helps in predicting molecular behavior, stability, and reactivity in chemical compounds.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F0fcb0af8-b750-4635-b3ee-2f0c31e9ebdb%2F9e29fe2d-e64a-4601-a5ab-2d74bd96b981%2F96z19eh_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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