4. Circle the compound that would undergo the fastest solvolysis in acidic ethanol. solvolysis R-CI+ ethanol XCI CI Aa -CI R-OET + HCI Ха по CI
Reactive Intermediates
In chemistry, reactive intermediates are termed as short-lived, highly reactive atoms with high energy. They rapidly transform into stable particles during a chemical reaction. In specific cases, by means of matrix isolation and at low-temperature reactive intermediates can be isolated.
Hydride Shift
A hydride shift is a rearrangement of a hydrogen atom in a carbocation that occurs to make the molecule more stable. In organic chemistry, rearrangement of the carbocation is very easily seen. This rearrangement can be because of the movement of a carbocation to attain stability in the compound. Such structural reorganization movement is called a shift within molecules. After the shifting of carbocation over the different carbon then they form structural isomers of the previous existing molecule.
Vinylic Carbocation
A carbocation where the positive charge is on the alkene carbon is known as the vinyl carbocation or vinyl cation. The empirical formula for vinyl cation is C2H3+. In the vinyl carbocation, the positive charge is on the carbon atom with the double bond therefore it is sp hybridized. It is known to be a part of various reactions, for example, electrophilic addition of alkynes and solvolysis as well. It plays the role of a reactive intermediate in these reactions.
Cycloheptatrienyl Cation
It is an aromatic carbocation having a general formula, [C7 H7]+. It is also known as the aromatic tropylium ion. Its name is derived from the molecule tropine, which is a seven membered carbon atom ring. Cycloheptatriene or tropylidene was first synthesized from tropine.
Stability of Vinyl Carbocation
Carbocations are positively charged carbon atoms. It is also known as a carbonium ion.
![4.
Circle the compound that would undergo the fastest solvolysis in acidic ethanol.
solvolysis
R-CI + ethanol
-Xa a
5. Which compound has the smallest heat of hydrogenation?
bonding
A) 5-methyl-1,2-hexadiene
B) (E)-5-methyl-1,3-hexadiene
C) 5-methyl-1,4-hexadiene
D) 2-methyl-1,5-hexadiene
E) (E)-2-methyl-2,4-hexadiene
6. TRUE or FALSE. The HOMO of pentadienyl cation is shown below.
R-OEt + HCI
ха па
7. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions an amide (-HNC(=O)CH3)substituent:
A) is a deactivator and a m-director.
B) is a deactivator and an o,p-director.
C) is an activator and a m-director.
D) is an activator and an o,p-director.
E) none of the above
8. Consider the possible thermal [4+2] cycloaddition of allyl anion and ethylene to generate a 5-membe
ring. The HOMO/LUMO interaction which would result is shown below. Use this interaction to predic
whether the proposed cycloaddition could occur.
HOMO
bonding
8 8 8 8
LUMO
Reaction is: ALLOWED
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