4. Calculate the equilibrium concentrations of hydrogen & and iodine that result when 0.050mol HI is sealed in a 2.00L vessel & heated to 700°C. At this temperature, Kc is 2.2x10² for HI(g) H₂(g) + 1₂(g) 4

At a certain temperature, K=0.29 for the decomposition of two moles of iodine trichloride, ICl3(s), to chlorine and iodine gases. The partial pressure of chlorine gas at equilibrium is three times that of iodine gas. What are the partial pressures of iodine and chlorine at equilibrium?

Describe a nonchemical system that is in equilibrium, and explain how the principles of equilibrium apply to the system.

Because calcium carbonate is a sink for CO32- in a lake, the student in Exercise 12.39 decides to go a step further and examine the equilibrium between carbonate ion and CaCOj. The reaction is Ca2+(aq) + COj2_(aq) ** CaCO,(s) The equilibrium constant for this reaction is 2.1 X 10*. If the initial calcium ion concentration is 0.02 AI and the carbonate concentration is 0.03 AI, what are the equilibrium concentrations of the ions? A student is simulating the carbonic acid—hydrogen carbonate equilibrium in a lake: H2COj(aq) H+(aq) + HCO}‘(aq) K = 4.4 X 10"7 She starts with 0.1000 AI carbonic acid. What are the concentrations of all species at equilibrium?

Write an equation for an equilibrium system that would lead to the following expressions (ac) for K. (a) K=(Pco)2 (PH2)5(PC2H6)(PH2O)2 (b) K=(PNH3)4 (PO2)5(PNO)4 (PH2O)6 (c) K=[ ClO3 ]2 [ Mn2+ ]2(Pcl2)[ MNO4 ]2 [ H+ ]4 ; liquid water is a product

In a solution with carbon tetrachloride as the solvent, the compound VCl4. undergoes dimerization: 2VCl4V2Cl8 When 6.6834 g VCl4. is dissolved in 100.0 g carbon tetrachloride, the freezing point is lowered by 5.97C. Calculate the value of the equilibrium constant for the dimerization of VCl4 at this temperature. (The density of the equilibrium mixture is 1.696 g/cm3, and Kf = 29.8C kg/mol for CCl4.)

5.49. Consider the following equilibrium: What is the effect on the equilibrium of each of the following changes? (You may need to calculate some standard enthalpy or Gibbs energy changes to answer these.) (a) The pressure is increased by decreasing the volume. (b) The temperature is decreased. (c) The pressure is increased by the addition of nitrogen gas, .

Calculate the value of the equilibrium constant for the reaction N2(g)+2O2(g)2NO2(g) if the concentrations of the species at equilibrium are [N2] = 0.0013, [O2] = 0.0024, and [NO2] = 0.00065.

Consider the system 4NH3(g)+3O2(g)2N2(g)+6H2O(l)H=1530.4kJ (a) How will the concentration of ammonia at equilibrium be affected by (1) removing O2(g)? (2) adding N2(g)? (3) adding water? (4) expanding the container? (5) increasing the temperature? (b) Which of the above factors will increase the value of K? Which will decrease it?

Suppose a reaction has the equilibrium constant K = 1.3 108. What does the magnitude of this constant tell you about the relative concentrations of products and reactants that will be present once equilibrium is reached? Is this reaction likely to be a good source of the products?