4. A manufacturing plant produces memory chips to be used in cardiac pacemakers. The manufacturing process produces a mix of "good" chips and "bad" chips. The lifetime of good chips follows an exponential law with a rate of failure a, that is: P[chip still functioning after time t] = e-at d. For these particular chips, testing is an expensive process: suppose that the average manufacturing cost of a single chip is $2, but that to test a single chip for one full day costs the company $5. These chips can be sold to pacemaker companies for $200 each, and currently the company is selling 10,000 of these chips each year. The company's CEO would like to increase profitability by decreasing the testing time before chips are shipped. However, shipping too many bad chips will cause pacemaker companies to lose faith in the product and stop buying the chips - not to mention the cost to patients who may receive a pacemaker with a faulty chip and need additional surgery to repair or replace the malfunctioning device. Your boss has asked you to present a proposal for a reasonable testing time that will maximize profits while still maintaining a quality standard that will satisfy the customer. What do you propose, and what is your reasoning for this proposal?

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Author:Amos Gilat
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4. A manufacturing plant produces memory chips to be used in cardiac pacemakers. The
manufacturing process produces a mix of "good" chips and "bad" chips. The lifetime of
good chips follows an exponential law with a rate of failure a, that is:
P[chip still functioning after time t] = e-at
d. For these particular chips, testing is an expensive process: suppose that the average
manufacturing cost of a single chip is $2, but that to test a single chip for one full day
costs the company $5. These chips can be sold to pacemaker companies for $200
each, and currently the company is selling 10,000 of these chips each year. The
company's CEO would like to increase profitability by decreasing the testing time
before chips are shipped. However, shipping too many bad chips will cause
pacemaker companies to lose faith in the product and stop buying the chips - not to
mention the cost to patients who may receive a pacemaker with a faulty chip and
need additional surgery to repair or replace the malfunctioning device. Your boss
has asked you to present a proposal for a reasonable testing time that will maximize
profits while still maintaining a quality standard that will satisfy the customer. What
do you propose, and what is your reasoning for this proposal?
Transcribed Image Text:4. A manufacturing plant produces memory chips to be used in cardiac pacemakers. The manufacturing process produces a mix of "good" chips and "bad" chips. The lifetime of good chips follows an exponential law with a rate of failure a, that is: P[chip still functioning after time t] = e-at d. For these particular chips, testing is an expensive process: suppose that the average manufacturing cost of a single chip is $2, but that to test a single chip for one full day costs the company $5. These chips can be sold to pacemaker companies for $200 each, and currently the company is selling 10,000 of these chips each year. The company's CEO would like to increase profitability by decreasing the testing time before chips are shipped. However, shipping too many bad chips will cause pacemaker companies to lose faith in the product and stop buying the chips - not to mention the cost to patients who may receive a pacemaker with a faulty chip and need additional surgery to repair or replace the malfunctioning device. Your boss has asked you to present a proposal for a reasonable testing time that will maximize profits while still maintaining a quality standard that will satisfy the customer. What do you propose, and what is your reasoning for this proposal?
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