4. A closed-circular DNA molecule in its relaxed form has an Lk of 500. Approximately how many base pairs are in this DNA? How does the Lk change (increases, decreases, does not change, becomes undefined) in each of the following situations? (a) A protein complex binds, wrapping the DNA round it to form a solenoidal supercoil. (b) One DNA strand is broken. (c) DNA gyrase and ATP are added to the DNA in solution. (d) The double helix is denatured by heat.
4. A closed-circular DNA molecule in its relaxed form has an Lk of 500. Approximately how many base pairs are in this DNA? How does the Lk change (increases, decreases, does not change, becomes undefined) in each of the following situations? (a) A protein complex binds, wrapping the DNA round it to form a solenoidal supercoil. (b) One DNA strand is broken. (c) DNA gyrase and ATP are added to the DNA in solution. (d) The double helix is denatured by heat.
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Nucleotides
It is an organic molecule made up of three basic components- a nitrogenous base, phosphate,and pentose sugar. The nucleotides are important for metabolic reactions andthe formation of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid).
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic acids are essential biomolecules present in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and viruses. They carry the genetic information for the synthesis of proteins and cellular replication. The nucleic acids are of two types: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). The structure of all proteins and ultimately every biomolecule and cellular component is a product of information encoded in the sequence of nucleic acids. Parts of a DNA molecule containing the information needed to synthesize a protein or an RNA are genes. Nucleic acids can store and transmit genetic information from one generation to the next, fundamental to any life form.
Question
Question 4
Transcribed Image Text:1. What is the superhelical density (o) of a closed-circular DNA with a length of 4,200 bp and a linking
number (Lk) of 374? What is the superhelical density (o) of the same DNA when Lk = 412? In each
case, is the DNA negatively or positively supercoiled?
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2. The complete genome of the simplest bacterium known, Mycoplasma genitalium, is a circular DNA
molecule with 580,070 bp. Calculate the molecular weight (assume the molecular weight of a
nucleotide pair is 650 g/mol) and contour length (when relaxed) of this molecule. What is Lko for this
Mycoplasma chromosome?
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3. The T4-like bacteriophage JS98 has a DNA of molecular weight 1.11 x 108 grams/mole (g/mol)
contained in a head about 100 nanometers (nm) long.
(a) Calculate the length of the DNA molecule (assume the molecular weight of a nucleotide pair is 650
g/mol) and compare it with the length of the JS98 head.
(b) Consult the online database Genome (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/data-hub/genome/). What is
the exact number of base pairs in the JS98 genome? Provide a citation (make sure it follows the
exact format as described in the Biology Style Manual).
4. A closed-circular DNA molecule in its relaxed form has an Lk of 500. Approximately how many base
pairs are in this DNA? How does the Lk change (increases, decreases, does not change, becomes
undefined) in each of the following situations?
(a) A protein complex binds, wrapping the DNA round it to form a solenoidal supercoil.
(b) One DNA strand is broken.
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