4 Some water is being heated in a pot as shown. Name the changes of state that are occurring in the following places. In the pot On the inside of the lid A Melting B Evaporation C Boiling D Condensation Boiling Freezing Condensation Evaporation as A closed wet umbrella is put near the window. The wet umbrella dries faster when A the air temperature is lower. B the wind is stronger. C the surface area of the umbrella exposed to air is smaller. D the humidity of air is higher. II Questions (17 marks) 1 Complete the following table about changes in state of water. Temperature at which the change happens Is energy absorbed or released? Name of Change in state process lce water point) Water steam point) Water water below 100 °C vapour Water vapour below water Waterice point) 2.1 22 2.3

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Kinetic Theory of Gas

The Kinetic Theory of gases is a classical model of gases, according to which gases are composed of molecules/particles that are in random motion. While undergoing this random motion, kinetic energy in molecules can assume random velocity across all directions. It also says that the constituent particles/molecules undergo elastic collision, which means that the total kinetic energy remains constant before and after the collision. The average kinetic energy of the particles also determines the pressure of the gas.

P-V Diagram

A P-V diagram is a very important tool of the branch of physics known as thermodynamics, which is used to analyze the working and hence the efficiency of thermodynamic engines. As the name suggests, it is used to measure the changes in pressure (P) and volume (V) corresponding to the thermodynamic system under study. The P-V diagram is used as an indicator diagram to control the given thermodynamic system.