4 A sample A of liquid water and a sample B of ice, of identical mass, are placed in a thermally insulated container and allowed to come to thermal equilibrium. Figure 18-25a is a sketch of the tempera- ture T of the samples versus time t. (a) Is the equilibrium temperature above, below, or at the freezing point of water? (b) In reaching equi- librium, does the liquid partly freeze, fully freeze, or undergo no freez- ing? (c) Does the ice partly melt, fully melt, or undergo no melting?
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- You have 1.60 kg of liquid ethanol at 28.0°C that you wishto cool. What mass of ice at initial temperature -5.00°C should you addto the ethanol so that all of the ice melts and the resulting ethanol−watermixture has temperature 10.0°C? Assume no heat is exchanged with thecontainer that holds the ethanol.A ‘thermacole’ icebox is a cheap and an efficient method for storing small quantities of cooked food in summer in particular. A cubical icebox of side 30 cm has a thickness of 5.0 cm. If 4.0 kg of ice is put in the box, estimate the amount of ice remaining after 6 h. The outside temperature is 45 °C, and co-efficient of thermal conductivity of thermacole is 0.01 J s-1 m-1 K-1. [Heat of fusion of water = 335 × 103 J kg-1]A copper calorimeter can with mass 0.100 kg contains0.160 kg of water and 0.0180 kg of ice in thermal equilibrium atatmosphericpressure. If 0.750 kg of lead at 255°C is dropped into thecalorimeter can, what is the final temperature? Assume that no heat islost to the surroundings.
- A steel rod is initially 1 meter long at a temperature of 20°C. Assuming that the expansion is uniform along the entire length of the rod , if the coefficient of linear expansion for steel is 11 x 10^-6 per degree Celsius, calculate: a) The change in length of the rod when its temperature is increased to 100°C. b) The final length of the rod at 100°C.o42 0 A 20.0 g copper ring at 0.000°C has an inner diameter of D = 2.54000 cm. An aluminum sphere at 100.0°C has a diameter of d = 2.545 08 cm. The sphere is put on top of the ring (Fig. 18-36), and the two are allowed to come to thermal equilibrium, with no heat lost to the surroundings. The sphere just passes through the ring at the equilibrium tempera- ture. What is the mass of the Al Cu Figure 18-36 Problem 42. sphere?How many grams of coffee must evaporate from 350g of coffee in a 100-g glass cup to cool the coffee and the cup from 95.0 °C to 45.0 °C ? Assume the coffee has the same thermal properties as water and that the average heatof vaporization is 2340 kJ/kg (560 kcal/g). Neglect heatlosses through processes other than evaporation, as well as the change in mass of the coffee as it cools. Do the lattertwo assumptions cause your answer to be higher or lower than the true answer?
- As you walk on the street, you can observe that road has lines, and this is because of the thermal expansion. If the main span of the road is 3.0-km long. Calculate the change in length ∆L when the bridge is exposed to extreme temperature from 18°C to 90°C. Use = 10 x 10-6 C-1.1) An insulated steam pipe located here the ambient temperature is C has an inside diameter of 60 mm with 12 mm thick wall. The outside diameter of the corrugated asbestos insulation is 125 mm and the surtace coeficient of still air ho 12 m2-K. Inside the pipe is steam having a temperature C with a film coefficient hi 0000 w/m2-K. Thermal conductivity of pipe and asbestos insulation are 46 and D.12 m2-Krespecthely Determine the heat loss per unit length of pipe IN WM INTERNAL AMBIENT TEMP 185 ANSWER C flows in a cast iron pipe (rie0 Wim "C) whose inner and outer 2) Steam at 71 diameters are 1-5 om and 02-5.6 cm,respectively. The pipe is covered with 3-om-thick glass wool insulation with 40.05 Wim-"C. Heat is lost to the surroundings at 72 "Cbynatural convection and radiation, with a combined heat transfer coeficient of /2-18 Wom2 "C. Taking the heat transfer coefficient inside the pipe to be M1-60 Wome "C, determine the rate of heat loss from the steam. Also determine the temperature…In a particular country, the separation between adjacent train rails must be 2 cm so that they can expand without touching in case the temperature rises (see figure). The rails are made of a metal with a linear thermal expansion coefficient of 4.8 x 10-5 (°C-1). a) If the temperature at which the rails are mounted is 20°C and the maximum temperature on a very hot day is 42°C, what is the maximum total length of the installed rails to prevent them from touching the next rail on a hot day? b) If the area of a rail section (area of the rectangle when viewed longitudinally) measures 10 cm x 4 cm, calculate the increase in the volume of the rail when the temperature rises from 20°C to 42°C.
- A 100 g ice cube at -20oC is dropped into a thermally insulated container containing water at 40oC. The final temperature is 5oC at thermal equilibrium. (a) Determine the initial volume of water? (b) If it takes 15 minutes for the equilibrium system, how long is the solid ice completely melted to liquid water? Assuming that the ice receives energy as heat at a constant rate.(a) You have a styrofoam container with 815 g of a soft drink (specific heat of 4,100 J/(kg · °C)) at 29.0° and you add a 60 g chunk of ice at 0°C. Assume the liquid and water mix uniformly as the ice melts and determine the final temperature of the mixture (in °C). 375.31 X Since the mixture is thermally isolated, the heat gained by the ice and the associated ice water is equal to the heat lost by the liquid. Write expressions for the heat gained by the ice as it changes from a solid to a liquid, gained by the ice water as it warms to the final temperature, and lost by the liquid as it cools to the final temperature. °C (b) What If? What is the minimum mass of the ice cube (in g) that will result in a final mixture at exactly 0°C? 290.1 g12 How much force (N) does the atmosphere exert on one side of a wall if it measures 2.50 m high and 5.00 m long? Assume the wall is at sea level. -F