4 - A circular curve has the following properties. External distance is 18 m. angle of intersection of tangents is 38°30’. Stationing of vertex V (intersecting of the tangents) is 10+252.32. A line MK intersects the forward tangent at M and the circular curve at K. Point M is 12.32 m. from V and the angle VMK is 45°30’. Find the radius of the curve. Find the distance MK. Find the stationing of K.

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Instruments for Surveying

Surveying is the practice that determines the relative three-dimensional positions of many different points on the earth’s surface. There are various instruments used in Surveying like Theodolites, Total station, Tripod stands, Plane table, etc. for measuring horizontal angle, vertical and sloping angle, which are very useful for giving accurate and precise measurement.