describe the meaning of wavelength/n the original phases (Ø, and ø, ) for the two sources are the same, Aø= 2nnd sin 035B – Experiment: Two Slit InterferenceEquipment: Pasco magnetic optical rail; Red semiconductor laser diode; diode powersupply; Pasco Multiple Slit mask; a white screen to view the interference pattern; a smallruler to measure distance on the interference image.Background: If waves with the same wavelength emanate from two points and travel in straight paths (riand r2) through a uniform material (index n) to a common point as shown to the right, they will be out ofphase according to:2rn(, -r,)Ag =+( - 42). If ri and r2 are very large compared to the distance between the sources d,then (r - r,)=d sin 0 where 0 is the angle between the normal to a line from one source to the other anda line from sources to measurement point. This is shown schematically in the lower sketch above. If alsowhich exhibits a2,maximum in intensity whenever Aø is an integer (m) multiple of 2x , or when må, = nd sin 0m -Тоp ViewScreenTydDD » d1) We made a point of labeling the wavelength with a subscript v.a) What do you think 2 with this subscript denotes?b) Describe the meaning of ^ 35D – The Diffraction GratingObjective: Determine the spacing between lines of a diffraction grating by observing interference peaksfor light of a specific wavelength.Equipment: Low power laser. Diffraction grating, PASCO magnetic optics rail, PASCOmagnetic optics carrier, Black metal safety screen, Ruler.LASER SAFETY; Avoid shining the laser in these laboratories directly intoanyone'seyes. Prolonged direct viewing of the beam can lead to permanent eye damage.Background: A diffraction grating consists of a reflective or transmitting surface with a periodicarray of lines. In the simplest theoretical model, we assume that each line on the grating acts as ainfinitesimally thin emission source with all of the sources emitting at the same wavelength andin set phase to one another. For a beam of wavelength A at normal incidence to the plane of themåwhere m is an integerdgrating, interference peaks will be observed at angles 0 = arcsin- (Order of Interference) and d is the distance between the grating emitting lines.Screeny-ま -y+Diffraction GratingLaser ApparatusD Distance to ScreenProcedure: Set up the laser so that it shines through the middle of a grating held in place on a magneticcarrier. Measure the lateral displacement between the central maximum peak and the two interferencemaxima on either side of it. Record this measurement and the distance D of the ruler from the grating tothe screen to compute the angle. (The angle may be large – greater than 20 degrees – therefore theviewing ruler may have to be close to the grating.)Make at least 4 measurements with different D's. Use a laser wavelength 2= 650 nm and compute thed-spacing for each measurement.TRIALSD (mm)y+y-0+0-d+d-19585775217775220 18534Average d-spacing =Gratings are often described in terms of the number of lines per centimeter n.Convert your d-spacing into lines per centimeter.+/-(from standard deviation of your 8 measurements ±d.

Two slit interference experiment is given.

35B – Experiment: Two Slit Interference Equipment: Pasco magnetic optical rail; Red semiconductor laser diode; diode power supply; Pasco Multiple Slit mask; a white screen to view the interference pattern; a small ruler to measure distance on the interference image. Background: If waves with the same wavelength emanate from two points and travel in straight paths (ri and r2) through a uniform material (index n) to a common point as shown to the right, they will be out of phase according to: 2an(r-r). Aø =- +( – 42) . If rị and r2 are very large compared to the distance between the sources d, then (r -r,)Ed sin 0 where 0 is the angle between the normal to a line from one source to the other and a line from sources to measurement point. This is shown schematically in the lower sketch above. If also the original phases (, and 6, ) for the two sources are the same, Aø=: 2rnd sin e which exhibits a maximum in intensity whenever Aø is an integer (m) multiple of 27 , or when m2, = nd sin 0 . Top View Screen d. D D » d 1) We made a point of labeling the wavelength with a subscript v. a) What do you think 2 with this subscript denotes? b) Describe the meaning of

35B – Experiment: Two Slit Interference Equipment: Pasco magnetic optical rail; Red semiconductor laser diode; diode power supply; Pasco Multiple Slit mask; a white screen to view the interference pattern; a small ruler to measure distance on the interference image. Background: If waves with the same wavelength emanate from two points and travel in straight paths (ri and r2) through a uniform material (index n) to a common point as shown to the right, they will be out of phase according to: 2an(r-r). Aø =- +( – 42) . If rị and r2 are very large compared to the distance between the sources d, then (r -r,)Ed sin 0 where 0 is the angle between the normal to a line from one source to the other and a line from sources to measurement point. This is shown schematically in the lower sketch above. If also the original phases (, and 6, ) for the two sources are the same, Aø=: 2rnd sin e which exhibits a maximum in intensity whenever Aø is an integer (m) multiple of 27 , or when m2, = nd sin 0 . Top View Screen d. D D » d 1) We made a point of labeling the wavelength with a subscript v. a) What do you think 2 with this subscript denotes? b) Describe the meaning of

College Physics

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305952300

Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille

Publisher:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille

Chapter1: Units, Trigonometry. And Vectors

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1CQ: Estimate the order of magnitude of the length, in meters, of each of the following; (a) a mouse, (b)...

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Concept explainers

Atomic Spectra

According to the Bohr model of an atom, the electron in an atom moves around a nucleus in fixed orbits with specific energies known as energy levels. The orbital energies are quantized. The electrons remain in these energy levels until they emit or absorb a photon of a particular wavelength, the quantum of energy. If the electron emits a photon, it then falls back to a lower energy level, and if it absorbs a photon, the electron rises to higher energy levels. The photons released or absorbed in these transitions of an electron are studied and analyzed on a screen as atomic spectra.

Ruby Lasers

Lasers are devices that emit light using atoms or molecules at a certain wavelength and amplify the light to produce a narrow beam of radiation. It works as per the principle of electromagnetic radiation. Their source of emission contains the same frequency and same phase. It was invented in the year 1960 by the great noble scientist, Theodore Maiman.

Balmer Series

The spectrum of frequency observed when electromagnetic radiation is emitted from an atom when it goes from higher energy state to lower state, is known as emission spectrum. This transition occurs when an excited electron moves from higher to lower state. It has many possible electron transitions and each transition has a specific energy difference.

Emission Spectrum

Every state of matter tries to be at minimum potential energy or it can be said that the atoms of element/ substance arrange themselves such that overall energy is minimum.

Question

describe the meaning of wavelength/n

the original phases (Ø, and ø, ) for the two sources are the same, Aø= 2nnd sin 0
35B – Experiment: Two Slit Interference
Equipment: Pasco magnetic optical rail; Red semiconductor laser diode; diode power
supply; Pasco Multiple Slit mask; a white screen to view the interference pattern; a small
ruler to measure distance on the interference image.
Background: If waves with the same wavelength emanate from two points and travel in straight paths (ri
and r2) through a uniform material (index n) to a common point as shown to the right, they will be out of
phase according to:
2rn(, -r,)
Ag =
+( - 42). If ri and r2 are very large compared to the distance between the sources d,
then (r - r,)=d sin 0 where 0 is the angle between the normal to a line from one source to the other and
a line from sources to measurement point. This is shown schematically in the lower sketch above. If also
which exhibits a
2,
maximum in intensity whenever Aø is an integer (m) multiple of 2x , or when må, = nd sin 0m -
Тоp View
Screen
T
y
d
D
D » d
1) We made a point of labeling the wavelength with a subscript v.
a) What do you think 2 with this subscript denotes?
b) Describe the meaning of ^

35D – The Diffraction Grating
Objective: Determine the spacing between lines of a diffraction grating by observing interference peaks
for light of a specific wavelength.
Equipment: Low power laser. Diffraction grating, PASCO magnetic optics rail, PASCO
magnetic optics carrier, Black metal safety screen, Ruler.
LASER SAFETY; Avoid shining the laser in these laboratories directly into
anyone's
eyes. Prolonged direct viewing of the beam can lead to permanent eye damage.
Background: A diffraction grating consists of a reflective or transmitting surface with a periodic
array of lines. In the simplest theoretical model, we assume that each line on the grating acts as a
infinitesimally thin emission source with all of the sources emitting at the same wavelength and
in set phase to one another. For a beam of wavelength A at normal incidence to the plane of the
må
where m is an integer
d
grating, interference peaks will be observed at angles 0 = arcsin
- (Order of Interference) and d is the distance between the grating emitting lines.
Screen
y-
ま -
y+
Diffraction Grating
Laser Apparatus
D Distance to Screen
Procedure: Set up the laser so that it shines through the middle of a grating held in place on a magnetic
carrier. Measure the lateral displacement between the central maximum peak and the two interference
maxima on either side of it. Record this measurement and the distance D of the ruler from the grating to
the screen to compute the angle. (The angle may be large – greater than 20 degrees – therefore the
viewing ruler may have to be close to the grating.)
Make at least 4 measurements with different D's. Use a laser wavelength 2= 650 nm and compute the
d-spacing for each measurement.
TRIALS
D (mm)
y+
y-
0+
0-
d+
d-
1
95
85
775
2
177
75
220 185
3
4
Average d-spacing =
Gratings are often described in terms of the number of lines per centimeter n.
Convert your d-spacing into lines per centimeter.
+/-
(from standard deviation of your 8 measurements ±d.

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