34) Which of the following fungal diseases involves an intracellular parasite that partially disablesmacrophages, allowing for spread beyond the lungs.A) CoccidioidomycosisC) PneumocystisB) BlastomycosisD) Histoplasmosis35) Of the following genetic material types seen in viruses, which genetic material type leads to rapid, almostimmediate production of viral proteins, followed closely by replication of the genome leading to rapidsynthesis of new viruses, which tends to overwhelm the host, as exemplified in a viral disease whichcauses more than 200,000 deaths of children worldwide each year.A) negative (-) strand single-stranded RNAB) double-stranded RNAD) positive (+) strand single-stranded RNAC) single-stranded DNA

Fungi exhibit a dimorphic switch between yeasts and molds. some of the examples of these fungi are histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, chromoblastomycosis, and paracoccidioidomycosis. They exist as yeast in the host, mold in the environment. These fungi cause pulmonary disease. For people with weak immune systems, alveolar macrophages (AMs) play a key role in providing protection against Pneumocystis infection by actively removing this pathogen from the alveoli. But alveolar macrophages in some infected animals show defective phagocytosis process as pneumocystis inactivates alveolar macrophages and the efficiency of AMs against PCP (Pneumocystis pneumonia) is greatly reduced. These defects impair the innate immunity against Pneumocystis infection. The reduction in macrophage number is due to an increased rate of apoptosis. Apoptosis is also triggered by increased levels of intracellular polyamines. it is because the pneumocystis organisms alter the expression of alveolar macrophages. As a result, pneumocystis infection affects many cellular functions leading to reduced number and activity of alveolar macrophages during Pneumocystis pneumonia. Hence, option C is correct.