Unitary Method
The word “unitary” comes from the word “unit”, which means a single and complete entity. In this method, we find the value of a unit product from the given number of products, and then we solve for the other number of products.
Speed, Time, and Distance
Imagine you and 3 of your friends are planning to go to the playground at 6 in the evening. Your house is one mile away from the playground and one of your friends named Jim must start at 5 pm to reach the playground by walk. The other two friends are 3 miles away.
Profit and Loss
The amount earned or lost on the sale of one or more items is referred to as the profit or loss on that item.
Units and Measurements
Measurements and comparisons are the foundation of science and engineering. We, therefore, need rules that tell us how things are measured and compared. For these measurements and comparisons, we perform certain experiments, and we will need the experiments to set up the devices.
How to do question 33
![EXAMPLE 4 Prove that lim x² = 9.
SOLUTION
1. Guessing a value for 8. Let ɛ > 0 be given. We have to find a number 8 >0
such that
if
0 < |x – 3|< 8
then
|x² – 9| < ɛ
To connect |x? – 9| with |x – 3| we write |x? – 9| = |(x + 3)(x – 3)|. Then
we want
0 < |x – 3|< 8
|x + 3||x – 3|< 8
if
then
Notice that if we can find a positive constant C such that |x + 3| < C, then
|x + 3||x – 3|< C[x – 3|
and we can make C|x – 3|< e by taking |x – 3|< 8/C, so we could choose
8 = ɛ/C.
We can find such a number C if we restrict x to lie in some interval centered at 3.
In fact, since we are interested only in values of x that are close to 3, it is reasonable
to assume that x is within a distance 1 from 3, that is, x – 3 < 1. Then 2 < x < 4,
so 5 <x + 3 <7. Thus we have |x + 3|< 7, and so C = 7 is a suitable choice for
the constant.
But now there are two restrictions on |x – 3|, namely
|x – 3|< 1
|x – 3|< =
and
To make sure that both of these inequalities are satisfied, we take ô to be the smaller of
the two numbers 1 and ɛ/7. The notation for this is 8 = min{1, ɛ/7}.
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SECTION 2.4 The Precise Definition of a Limit
111
2. Showing that this & works. Given ɛ > 0, let 8 = min{1, ɛ/7}. If
0< |x – 3|< 8, then |x – 3|<1 → 2<x<4 → |x + 3| < 7(as in part l).
We also have |x – 3|< 8/7, so
Ix-91-1x + 3||x -3| <7·늑3e
This shows that lim, 3 x? = 9.
As Example 4 shows, it is not always easy to prove that limit statements are true
using the ɛ, & definition. In fact, if we had been given a more complicated function such
as f(x) = (6x² – 8x + 9)/(2x? – 1), a proof would require a great deal of ingenuity.
Fortunately this is unnecessary because the Limit Laws stated in Section 2.3 can be
proved using Definition 2, and then the limits of complicated functions can be found
rigorously from the Limit Laws without resorting to the definition directly.
For instance, we prove the Sum Law: If lim,»af(x) = L and lim,»a g(x) = M both
exist, then
lim [f(x) + g(x)] = L + M](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fef63a737-eaa8-4b6a-be92-19a675838c28%2Ff0991354-6a50-4d10-b263-364b13c3354b%2F756afw_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
![33. Verify that another possible choice of ô for showing that
limx-3 x? = 9 in Example 4 is ô
min{2, ɛ/8}.
=](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fef63a737-eaa8-4b6a-be92-19a675838c28%2Ff0991354-6a50-4d10-b263-364b13c3354b%2F6aizwd_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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