*** 31. Sixteen grams of oxygen (O,) gas are sealed inside a cylinder in which a constant pressure is provided by a mass m, as shown. The oxygen begins at a temperature of 400 K and loses heat through the walls of the cylinder, ending up at the room temperature of 300 K. The atomic weight of O, is 32.00 u. a) What are Cy and Cp for this diatomic gas, estimated from the number of degrees of freedom available to the molecules of the gas? b) How much heat is lost by the oxygen as it cools? c) How much internal energy does the охygen lose as it cools? d) How much work is done on the oxygen as the piston compresses it? e) If the pressure provided by the mass on the piston is 1000 Pa, by what amount in m³ will the volume of the 3 охygen decrease?
Ideal and Real Gases
Ideal gases obey conditions of the general gas laws under all states of pressure and temperature. Ideal gases are also named perfect gases. The attributes of ideal gases are as follows,
Gas Laws
Gas laws describe the ways in which volume, temperature, pressure, and other conditions correlate when matter is in a gaseous state. The very first observations about the physical properties of gases was made by Robert Boyle in 1662. Later discoveries were made by Charles, Gay-Lussac, Avogadro, and others. Eventually, these observations were combined to produce the ideal gas law.
Gaseous State
It is well known that matter exists in different forms in our surroundings. There are five known states of matter, such as solids, gases, liquids, plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate. The last two are known newly in the recent days. Thus, the detailed forms of matter studied are solids, gases and liquids. The best example of a substance that is present in different states is water. It is solid ice, gaseous vapor or steam and liquid water depending on the temperature and pressure conditions. This is due to the difference in the intermolecular forces and distances. The occurrence of three different phases is due to the difference in the two major forces, the force which tends to tightly hold molecules i.e., forces of attraction and the disruptive forces obtained from the thermal energy of molecules.
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