31. How does disease incidence differ from disease prevalence? O D. Incidence is measured prospectively, prevalence is measured retrospectively. O E. All answers are correct O F. None of the answers are correct. O C. Incidence measures therapeutic effects, prevalence does not. O A. Incidence is the frequency of new cases, prevalence is the frequency of existing cases. B. Incidence depends upon diagnostic accuracy, prevalence does not.

31. How does disease incidence differ from disease prevalence? O D. Incidence is measured prospectively, prevalence is measured retrospectively. O E. All answers are correct O F. None of the answers are correct. O C. Incidence measures therapeutic effects, prevalence does not. O A. Incidence is the frequency of new cases, prevalence is the frequency of existing cases. B. Incidence depends upon diagnostic accuracy, prevalence does not.

Ebk:Nutrition & Diet Therapy

10th Edition

ISBN:9780357391747

Author:DEBRUYNE

Publisher:DEBRUYNE

Chapter20: Nutrition Therapy For Liver And Gallbladder Diseases

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 9SC

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1. Which of the following is synonymous with incidence which assess the rate of occurrence of the condition ofthe disease?A. Absolute risk B. Odds ratio C. Relative risk D. Risk ratio2. Which among the following estimates the strength of association between exposure and disease?A. Absolute risk B. Odds ratio C. Relative risk D. Risk ratio3. Which of the following is related to measurement of reliability?A. Accuracy of scoresB. Comprehensiveness of the scoresC. Consistency of scoresD. Dependency of the scores
28. Which of the following choices refers to the data between the probability of a positive test result giventhe presence of the disease and the probability of a positive test result given the absence of the disease?A. Negative likelihood ratioB. Negative predictive value C. Positive likelihood ratioD. Positive predictive value 29. Which of the following choices refers to the amount of time that a diagnosis is advanced by screening?A. Lead time biasB. Length bias sampling C. Survival rateD. Survival time 30. A point on a continuum that extends from clearly normal results (for healthy people) to abnormal results (forpeople who have preclinical disease) is called _____.A. Bias indexB. Criterion of positivity C. Predictive valueD. Source of test errors 31. The reliability of a test is the ability to give the same result on repeated testing. Reliability is influenced bywhich of the following?A. All of the optionsB. Interobserver and intraobserver agreement among the analysts conducting the…
5. Discuss the figure below. Give specific examples as needed: DESCRIPTIVE Describe a disease or health condition/phenomenon or intervention ANALYTIC Examine association (test of hypothesis) Experimental Exposure variables are assigned Observational Турes 1. Case reports/Case series Exposure and outcome variables are just observed 2. Prevalence survey (cross- sectional) 3. Ecologic study Турes 1. Cross-sectional Турes 1. Clinical trials 2. Case-control 3. Cohort 2. Field trials 3. Community intervention trials 4. Ecologic Hypothesis formulation Identification of risk/protective factors
1. Define the following key terms used in epidemiology: Prevalence Incidence Attack rate Point prevalence 2. You were recently hired as an epidemiologist at a county office. List and explain three measures that you would use to calculate a specific disease situation. In your view, why is it difficult to get accurate information about disease status in a population? 3. A study starts with 4,875 health people. Over the next 2 years, 75 develop the disease. What is the incidence rate of disease over the study period? Show all work. 4. In a survey of 1,150 women who gave birth in Maine in 2000, a total of 468 reported taking a multivitamin at least 4 times a week during the month before becoming pregnant. Calculate the prevalence of frequent multivitamin use in this group.
30. The etiologic fraction refers to which of the following? O C. Fraction of disease in the general population that is eliminated with removal of the risk factor. O A. Fraction of disease caused by a risk factor in the general population. O D. Fraction of disease among cases that is eliminated with removal of the risk factor. B. Fraction of disease caused by a risk factor among cases only. O E. A and C are both correct. O F. B and D are both correct.
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26. Why are nested case control studies used in the field of molecular/genetic epidemiology? O B. Save money and give reliable estimates of disease incidence. O A. Save money and give reliable estimates of disease risk. C. Save money and give reliable estimates of disease prevalence. O D. Save money and give reliable estimates of cost versus benefit of early detection. O E. All of the above.
1. First, describe your chosen public health issues topic. a. Then, explain why you chose the topic. b. Finally, explain the topic’s relevance to public health. (We suggest citing reading and lecture material to demonstrate your understanding of public health.] [Minimum of 150 words] 2. Who is impacted by this issue, and why? a. Include epidemiological evidence, such as incidence or prevalence or population-based data, if it exists. b. Are certain populations more affected than others? c.Do health disparities exist? Explain. [Minimum of 150 words.] 3. How might different stakeholders (an individual or group with an invested interest in the topic ) understand the issue? [Minimum of 150 words.] a. Consider different parties like industry, government, healthcare, technology, various cultural groups, etc. You don’t have to describe each of these, but rather appreciate how any issue will include various perspectives. i. With the Dakota pipeline, for example, the Native American…
State for each of the following statements if they are true or false: a. Cumulative incidence ratio, incidence rate ratio and prevalence are always unitless. b. For a given exposure and outcome, if the incidence rate ratio is < 1, then the incidence rate difference is < 0. c. An odds of 2:3 has the same magnitude as a risk of 2/5. d. In a case-control study comparing the association of a specific exposure between cases and controls, the only measure of association that we can directly calculate is the odds ratio. e. Attributable risk is more informative to policymaking than cumulative incidence ratio. Please answer asap and type your answer and do not copy from anywhere please
State for each of the following statements if they are true or false: a. Cumulative incidence ratio, incidence rate ratio and prevalence are always unitless. b. For a given exposure and outcome, if the incidence rate ratio is < 1, then the incidence rate difference is < 0. c. An odds of 2:3 has the same magnitude as a risk of 2/5. d. In a case-control study comparing the association of a specific exposure between cases and controls, the only measure of association that we can directly calculate is the odds ratio. e. Attributable risk is more informative to policymaking than cumulative incidence ratio.
What patterns do you detect? Often in disease outbreak investigations we want to see a pattern for a particular problem. Think back to the 'white board' approach from a previous question and consider the types of information about individuals that may help you look for patterns. Select from the list below attributes that may help you You can chosse all or some I choose Time of disease onset and occuption but there is more I guess Occupation Hair color Gender Weight Age Time of disease onset
73. (I) Relative risk measures indicate what impact a disease will have on a population in terms of numbers orpersons affected by being exposed. (II) The attributable risk ratio tells us exactly how many more people areaffected in the exposed than in the unexposed.A. Both statements are false.B. Both statements are true.C. First statement is false; second statement is true.D. First statement is true; second statement is false.