30. Which of the following is not a post-hoc procedure that can be used in an ANOVA? A. Bonferroni correction B. Tukey’s test C. Hochberg's GT2 D. Levene's test
Addition Rule of Probability
It simply refers to the likelihood of an event taking place whenever the occurrence of an event is uncertain. The probability of a single event can be calculated by dividing the number of successful trials of that event by the total number of trials.
Expected Value
When a large number of trials are performed for any random variable ‘X’, the predicted result is most likely the mean of all the outcomes for the random variable and it is known as expected value also known as expectation. The expected value, also known as the expectation, is denoted by: E(X).
Probability Distributions
Understanding probability is necessary to know the probability distributions. In statistics, probability is how the uncertainty of an event is measured. This event can be anything. The most common examples include tossing a coin, rolling a die, or choosing a card. Each of these events has multiple possibilities. Every such possibility is measured with the help of probability. To be more precise, the probability is used for calculating the occurrence of events that may or may not happen. Probability does not give sure results. Unless the probability of any event is 1, the different outcomes may or may not happen in real life, regardless of how less or how more their probability is.
Basic Probability
The simple definition of probability it is a chance of the occurrence of an event. It is defined in numerical form and the probability value is between 0 to 1. The probability value 0 indicates that there is no chance of that event occurring and the probability value 1 indicates that the event will occur. Sum of the probability value must be 1. The probability value is never a negative number. If it happens, then recheck the calculation.
30. Which of the following is not a post-hoc procedure that can be used in an ANOVA?
A. Bonferroni correction
B. Tukey’s test
C. Hochberg's GT2
D. Levene's test
31.A researcher wanted to compare the amount of fear induced by different animals. She presented one group of 10 adolescents with a picture of a rattlesnake, another group of 10 with a picture of a tarantula, and the third group of 10 with a picture of a sheep. The adolescents were asked to rate how scared they were on a scale 1 to 7. The researcher is thinking of using three t-tests to compare the three picture conditions (rattlesnake vs. sheep, tarantula vs. sheep and rattlesnake vs. tarantula). By doing this the researcher would increase:
A. Type II error
B. MS error
C. Familywise error
D. SS error
32. If the researcher in the previous question decided to analyze the data from the study using a one-way factorial ANOVA instead, what would be the number of degrees of freedom for the between-groups Mean Squares (MSbetween)?
A. 3
B. 2
C. 1
D. 10
33. Mean Squares (MS) equals to:
df / SS
F / df
SS / df
df / F
34. If the systematic variation (variance due to treatments, explained variance) is the same as the unsystematic variation (unexplained variance) what can be concluded?
A. There is an effect of the treatments
B. There is no effect of treatments
C. The treatments are not comparable
D. None of the above
35. Which of the following is not an assumption of an ANCOVA?
A. Homogeneity of sample sizes
B. Homogeneity of regression slopes
C. Independence of the covariate and treatment effect
D. Homogeneity of variance
36. Research on effects of sleep on learning has recently attracted a lot of press. In one of the studies, a researcher was interested in the effect of afternoon naps on the amount of material learned before the nap. In particular, she was curious whether the length of the nap (nap time) influenced how much of the learned material was retained. She recruited participants from a pool of university students. They learned lists of words from an imaginary language for an hour, and then took a nap. The length of the nap was 10 minutes, 30 minutes or 90 minutes. Participants were tested as soon as they were awoken from the nap, by showing them the list of words they learned before the nap and asking them to tick each word they thought they had seen before. The percentage of correct responses (learning score) was the dependent variable. The researcher also thought that participants who had good marks in their university course may perform better, and she didn't want this to influence her data. What analysis should she use if she wants to see whether the length of the nap influences the learning score in the post-nap test, controlling for the students' average mark on their university course?
A. Analysis of
B. Independent Analysis of Variance
C. Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance
D. Mixed Analysis of Variance
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