3.4. A crystallization process requires operation at -5° C. The refrigeration system can reject heat to cooling water that is available at 35° C. If a single refrigeration cycle has an efficiency of 60% of Carnot cycle performance then estimate the cost of providing 1 kW of cooling to this process using a single-stage cycle and using a cascaded-two stage cycle (in which the colder cycle rejects heat to the warmer cycle). Electricity costs $0.07/kWh and the cost of cooling water can be neglected.

3.4. A crystallization process requires operation at -5° C. The refrigeration system can reject heat to cooling water that is available at 35° C. If a single refrigeration cycle has an efficiency of 60% of Carnot cycle performance then estimate the cost of providing 1 kW of cooling to this process using a single-stage cycle and using a cascaded-two stage cycle (in which the colder cycle rejects heat to the warmer cycle). Electricity costs $0.07/kWh and the cost of cooling water can be neglected.

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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A mixture of gaseous reactants is put into a cylinder, where a chemical reaction turns them into gaseous products. The cylinder has a piston that moves in or out, as necessary, to keep a constant pressure on the mixture of 1 atm. The 1 atm pressure piston cylinder is also submerged in a large insulated water bath. (See sketch at right.) cylinder The temperature of the water bath is monitored, and it is determined from this data that 294. kJ of heat flows out of the system during the reaction. The position of the piston is also monitored, and it is determined from this data that the piston does 276. kJ of work on the system during the reaction. water bath gases O exothermic Is the reaction exothermic or endothermic? O endothermic O up Does the temperature of the water bath go up or down? O down O neither O in Does the piston move in or out? O out O neither O absorb Does the reaction absorb or release energy? O release O neither How much energy does the reaction absorb or release? Be…
A mixture of gaseous reactants is put into a cylinder, where a chemical reaction turns them 1 atm pressure piston cylinder water bath gases do into gaseous products. The cylinder has a piston that moves in or out, as necessary, to keep a constant pressure on the mixture of 1 atm. The cylinder is also submerged in a large insulated water bath. (See sketch at right.) The temperature of the water bath is monitored, and it is determined from this data that 290. kJ of heat flows out of the system during the reaction. The position of the piston is also monitored, and it is determined from this data that the system does 315. kg of work on the piston during the reaction. O exothermic Is the reaction exothermic or endothermic? O endothermic O up ? Does the temperature of the water bath go up or down? O down O neither O in Does the piston move in or out? O out O neither O absorb Does the reaction absorb or release energy? O release O neither How much energy does the reaction absorb or release?…
Conceptual Connection 9.2 - Enhanced - with Feedback Identify each energy exchange as heat or work. Drag the appropriate items to their respective bins. Reset Help The melted wax drips into the water and heats it. (The melted wax is the A metal cylinder is rolled up a ramp. (The metal cylinder is the system.) system.) The fireman extinguishes the fire with foam and cools the environment. (The foam is the system.) Heat Work 42°F
A mixture of gaseous reactants is put into a cylinder, where a chemical reaction turns them into gaseous products. The cylinder has a piston that moves in or out, as necessary, to keep a constant pressure on the mixture of 1 atm. The 1 atm pressure piston cylinder is also submerged in a large insulated water bath. (See sketch at right.) cylinder The temperature of the water bath is monitored, and it is determined from this data that 253. kJ of heat flows into the system during the reaction. The position of the piston is also monitored, and it is determined from this data that the system does 383. kJ of work on the piston during the reaction. water bath gases O exothermic Is the reaction exothermic or endothermic? O endothermic O up ? Does the temperature of the water bath go up or down? O down O neither O in Does the piston move in or out? O out O neither O absorb Does the reaction absorb or release energy? O release O neither How much energy does the reaction absorb or release? Be…
A mixture of gaseous reactants is put into a cylinder, where a chemical reaction turns them into gaseous products. The cylinder has a piston that moves in or out, as necessary, to keep a constant pressure on the mixture of 1 atm. The cylinder is also submerged in a 1 atm pressure piston cylinder large insulated water bath. (See sketch at right.) water bath The temperature of the water bath is monitored, and it is determined from this data that 160. kJ of heat flows out of the system during the reaction. The position of the piston is gases also monitored, and it is determined from this data that the piston does 199. kJ of work on the system during the reaction. olo Ar exothermic Is the reaction exothermic or endothermic? endothermic up Does the temperature of the water bath go up or down? down neither in Does the piston move in or out? out neither absorb Does the reaction absorb or release energy? release neither How much energy does the reaction absorb or release? Be sure your answer…
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A mixture of gaseous reactants is put into a cylinder, where a chemical reaction turns them into gaseous products. The cylinder has a piston that moves in or out, as necessary, to keep a constant pressure on the mixture of 1 atm. The cylinder is also submerged in a large insulated water bath. (See sketch at right.) The temperature of the water bath is monitored, and it is determined from this data that 160. kJ of heat flows into the system during the reaction. The position of the piston is also monitored, and it is determined from this data that the piston does 204. kJ of work on the system during the reaction. Is the reaction exothermic or endothermic? Does the temperature of the water bath go up or down? Does the piston move in or out? Does the reaction absorb or release energy? How much energy does the reaction absorb or release? Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits. exothermic endothermic Ⓒup down neither in Ⓒout neither absorb Orelease neither KJ 10 X 1…
A mixture of gaseous reactants is put into a cylinder, where a chemical reaction turns them into gaseous products. The cylinder has a piston that moves in or out, as necessary, to keep a constant pressure on the mixture of 1 atm. The cylinder is also submerged in a large insulated water bath. (See sketch at right.) The temperature of the water bath is monitored, and it is determined from this data that 198. kJ of heat flows out of the system during the reaction. The position of the piston is also monitored, and it is determined from this data that the system does 214. kJ of work on the piston during the reaction. Is the reaction exothermic or endothermic? Does the temperature of the water bath go up or down? Does the piston move in or out? Does the reaction absorb or release energy? How much energy does the reaction absorb or release? Be sure your answer has the correct. number of significant digits. OOO O exothermic O endothermic O up O down Oneither O in out Oneither O absorb O…
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A mixture of gaseous reactants is put into a cylinder, where a chemical reaction turns them into gaseous products. The cylinder has a piston that moves in or out, as necessary, to keep a constant pressure on the mixture of 1 atm. The cylinder is also submerged in a 1 atm pressure piston cylinder large insulated water bath. (See sketch at right.) water bath The temperature of the water bath is monitored, and it is determined from this data that 156. kJ of heat flows out of the system during the reaction. The position of the piston is gases also monitored, and it is determined from this data that the piston does 128. kJ of work on the system during the reaction. | exothermic Is the reaction exothermic or endothermic? x10 endothermic up ? Does the temperature of the water bath go up or down? down neither in Does the piston move in or out? out neither absorb Does the reaction absorb or release energy? release neither How much energy does the reaction absorb or release? Be sure your answer…
A mixture of gaseous reactants is put into a cylinder, where a chemical reaction turns them into gaseous products. The cylinder has a piston that moves in or out, as necessary, to keep a constant pressure on the mixture of 1 atm. The cylinder is also submerged in a large insulated water bath. (See sketch at right.) 1 atm pressure piston cylinder The temperature of the water bath is monitored, and it is determined from this data that 341. kJ of heat flows into the system during the reaction. The position of the piston is also monitored, and it is determined from this data that the piston does 359. kJ of work on the system during the reaction. water bath gases exothermic Is the reaction exothermic or endothermic? endothermic up Does the temperature of the water bath go up or down? down neither in Does the piston move in or out? out neither absorb Does the reaction absorb or release energy? release neither How much energy does the reaction absorb or release? Be sure your answer has the…
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