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- 6. H₂C HO O O T "N Which of the following dinucleotides can be methylated by DNA methyltransferase? NH₂ NH₂ N N NH NH C N NH N NH "N topol NH₂ Dofo HO G 01-07 HO "NH₂ NH₂ N NH, QP-C NH₂ Joy HO HO НО B C D 7. Explain the effect of the acetylation status of histones on chromatin structure and gene expression. Your answer should include the terms "heterochromatin", "euchromatin", "transcriptionally active" and "transcriptionally inactive" Dofo HO2. The amino acid sequences in the lysozyme protein produced by the TF phage were studied by Streisinger and co-workers. One sequence is Lys-Ser-Pro-Ser-Leu-Asn-Ala. However, the result of a single nucleotide deletion and insertion of another nucleotide, this amino acid sequence changed to Lys-Val-His-His-Leu-Met-Ala. Using the codons in Table 13.1, determine the nucleotide sequences that produced a. the original amino acid sequence; and b. the subsequent changes.1.Describe the process of transcription in prokaryotes, then explain how proteins can be targeted for specific sites within the cell. b)What is the role of the enzymes and proteins involved in DNAreplication?
- 1d) What amino acid would a tRNA with the anticodon 5'AGG³' carry?1. Here is the amino acid sequence of part of a hypotheticalgene you want to clone:Pro-Arg-Tyr-Met-Cys-Trp-Ile-Leu-Met-Ser a. What sequence of five amino acids would give a 14-merprobe with the least degeneracy for probing a library tofind your gene of interest? Notice that you do not use thelast base in the fifth codon because of its degeneracy. b. How many different 14-mers would you have to makein order to be sure that your probe matches thecorresponding sequence in your cloned gene perfectly? c. If you started your probe one amino acid to the left of theone you chose in (a), how many different 14-mers would youhave to make? Use the genetic code to determine degeneracy.1. The nontemplate strand of a segment of double- helical DNA contains the sequence: (5')CGCTATAGCGTTTAG (3') (a) What is the MRNA base sequence that can be transcribed from this double helical DNA assuming you already have a ready RNA polymerase present and everything else needed for RNA transcription? Label the sequence ends and list what is required for RNA Pol to work. (b) What amino acid sequence could be coded by the MRNA in (a)'s answer assuming the AUG start codon is just upstream of the MRNA (not shown in the sequence provided)? Use table in Figure 27-7 of the Lehninger 7 th ed "Dictionary of amino acid code words in mRNAs" and write the peptide according to standard convention with abbreviations for the amino acids. (c) If the wrong strand was transcribed and then translated from the section of double stranded DNA shown above, what would the resulting amino acid sequence be? What would the mRNA sequence be? Explain your answer and label all strands. A. First letter of codon…
- 1. The nontemplate strand of a segment of double- helical DNA contains the sequence: (5')CGCTATAGCGTTTAG (3') (a) What is the MRNA base sequence that can be transcribed from this double helical DNA assuming you already have a ready RNA polymerase present and everything else needed for RNA transcription? Label the sequence ends and list what is required for RNA Pol to work. (b) What amino acid sequence could be coded by the mRNA in (a)'s answer assuming the AUG start codon is just upstream of the MRNA (not shown in the sequence provided)? Use table in Figure 27-7 of the Lehninger 7 th ed "Dictionary of amino acid code words in mRNAs" and write the peptide according to standard convention with abbreviations for the amino acids. (c) If the wrong strand was transcribed and then translated from the section of double stranded DNA shown above, what would the resulting amino acid sequence be? What would the MRNA sequence be? Explain your answer and label all strands. 歐歐队 相阳阳一即即的 9 First letter…2. A single base addition and a single base deletion approximately 15 bases apart in the MRNA specifying the protein lysozyme for the bacterial virus T4 caused a change in the protein from its normal composition: Lys – Ser - Pro - Ser - Leu- Asn-Ala - Ala - Lys To the mutant form: Lys - Val - His- His - Leu - Met- Ala-Ala- Lys a. From the genetic code, decipher the sequence of mRNA for both original protein and double mutant. b. Which base was added? Which base was deleted? · END -3b) In the real world, where "wobble" pairing is possible, what is the minimum number of tRNAs required to service all of the threonine codons? Write out the base sequences of the anticodons of those tRNAs (remember to label the 5' and 3' end of each anticodon sequence).
- 3. The CAS9 enzyme (shown in red in the image below) is able to target and cut out specific DNA sequences. a) What are the molecular building blocks of CAS9? b) Explain in a few sentences how these building blocks come together to make something as complex and functional as CAS9. What types of interactions hold CAS9 together? c) What are the molecular building blocks of DNA? d) What type of linkage is broken when CAS9 cuts out a piece of DNA? e) How many base pairs would need to be cut out of a DNA sequence that codes for a protein consisting of 317 amino acids?1. Certain proteins that stimulate expression of a gene bind to DNA in a sequence specific manner and also induce conformational changes in the DNA. Describe the purpose of thses two modes of interaction with the DNA. 2. Draw the structures of the amino acid side chains that correspond to the following histone modification: a) acetylation of lysine; b) phosphorylation of serine; c) phosphorylation of histidine. How do thses modifications change the character of their respective side chain?14. Which mutation would be more harmful to a cell? For each predict the outcome of each mutation and explain one is worse than the other A) A mutation in the anticodon of Ala-tRNA from IGC to IGG OR a mutation in the alanyl tRNA synthase such that it adds either Ala or Ile to the appropriate tRNA? B) A mutation in bases 11 and 24 of the Ser-tRNA (both important recognition elements for serinyl tRNA synthase OR a mutation in the proofreading site of serinyl tRNA that inactivates proofreading