Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Question
Subject is physical
Transcribed Image Text:3. Use Maxwell relations to determine an expression for the change in entropy of a van der Waals gas
with respect to a change in volume.
Transcribed Image Text:If we ad
Equation 22.49, or add d (PV) to Equation 22.50, we get
The other equations of this section follow by comparing the total derivative of each
function in terms of its natural variables to the above equations for dU, dH, dA, and
dG. Table 22.1 summarizes some of the principal equations we have derived in this
and previous chapters.
Thermodynamic
energy
U
TABLE 22.1
are
The four principal thermodynamic energies, their differential expressions, and
the corresponding Maxwell relations.
d(TS) from Equation 22.48, or subtract d(TS) from
Н
H____
noileupiti moit ban
onsup
og airt To A
dG = -SdT + VdP
G
Differential
expression
dU = TdS - PdV
priboo 101 zi pal
dH = TdS+ VdP
1151
dA==SdT - PdV
dG = -SdT + VdP
Corresponding
Maxwell relations
(7),=-(-35),
as
S
av
(F).-(53).
S
Ꮪ
(as),
T
a P
as ab
5/5
V
P
10
Vas
as
(P), --(57),
T
(22.51)
P
22-6. The Standard State for a Gas at Any Temperature Is the
Hypothetical Ideal Gas at One Bar
V
(a) die lud
ang fashi
ant
the
One of the most important applications of Equation 22.33 involves the correction
for nonideality that we make to obtain the standard molar entropies of gases. The
hypothetical ideal gas at one bar and at the same temperature. This correction is usually
standard molar entropies of gases tabulated in the literature are expressed in terms of a
small and is obtained in the following two-step procedure (Figure 22.6). We first take
bar to some very low pressure Pid, where it is sure
our real
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