3. Use D flip-flops to design a counter with the following repeated binary sequence: 1, 3, 7, 5, 11, 9, 13, 15. Use don't care states as appropriate.

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### Design of a Counter using D Flip-Flops

**Problem Statement:**

3. Use D flip-flops to design a counter with the following repeated binary sequence:
   1, 3, 7, 5, 11, 9, 13, 15.

   Use *don't care* states as appropriate.

**Solution Approach:**
To design the counter using D flip-flops, follow these steps:

1. **State the Binary Sequence:** Write down the provided binary sequence:
   - 1 (0001)
   - 3 (0011)
   - 7 (0111)
   - 5 (0101)
   - 11 (1011)
   - 9 (1001)
   - 13 (1101)
   - 15 (1111)

2. **Create a State Table:** Develop a state table for the counter showing the present states and the next states in the binary sequence. 

3. **Construct Flip-Flop Excitation Table:** Use the state table to determine the necessary input conditions for the D flip-flops.

4. **Design the Circuit:** Draw the logic circuit diagram using the excitation functions derived from the excitation table.

5. **Handling Don't Care States:** Employ don't care conditions in the Karnaugh maps while simplifying the Boolean expressions.

**State Table:**

| Present State | Next State |
|:-------------:|:----------:|
|      0001     |     0011   |
|      0011     |     0111   |
|      0111     |     0101   |
|      0101     |     1011   |
|      1011     |     1001   |
|      1001     |     1101   |
|      1101     |     1111   |
|      1111     |     0001   |

**Excitation Table for D Flip-Flops:**
(D0, D1, D2, and D3 are the inputs to the D flip-flops.)

Using the state table, determine the inputs required to transition between states:
- For D0, D1, D2, and D3, use the next state values directly as the input since a D flip-flop is used.

**Example Transitions:**

| Flip-Flop | Present State | Next State |
|:---------:|:-------------:|
Transcribed Image Text:### Design of a Counter using D Flip-Flops **Problem Statement:** 3. Use D flip-flops to design a counter with the following repeated binary sequence: 1, 3, 7, 5, 11, 9, 13, 15. Use *don't care* states as appropriate. **Solution Approach:** To design the counter using D flip-flops, follow these steps: 1. **State the Binary Sequence:** Write down the provided binary sequence: - 1 (0001) - 3 (0011) - 7 (0111) - 5 (0101) - 11 (1011) - 9 (1001) - 13 (1101) - 15 (1111) 2. **Create a State Table:** Develop a state table for the counter showing the present states and the next states in the binary sequence. 3. **Construct Flip-Flop Excitation Table:** Use the state table to determine the necessary input conditions for the D flip-flops. 4. **Design the Circuit:** Draw the logic circuit diagram using the excitation functions derived from the excitation table. 5. **Handling Don't Care States:** Employ don't care conditions in the Karnaugh maps while simplifying the Boolean expressions. **State Table:** | Present State | Next State | |:-------------:|:----------:| | 0001 | 0011 | | 0011 | 0111 | | 0111 | 0101 | | 0101 | 1011 | | 1011 | 1001 | | 1001 | 1101 | | 1101 | 1111 | | 1111 | 0001 | **Excitation Table for D Flip-Flops:** (D0, D1, D2, and D3 are the inputs to the D flip-flops.) Using the state table, determine the inputs required to transition between states: - For D0, D1, D2, and D3, use the next state values directly as the input since a D flip-flop is used. **Example Transitions:** | Flip-Flop | Present State | Next State | |:---------:|:-------------:|
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