3. Problem 4-31C: Consider the visualization of flow over a sphere in Fig. P4-31C. Are we seeing streamlines, streaklines, pathlines, or timelines? Explain. FIGURE P4-31C Visualization of flow over a sphere at a Reynolds number of 15,000. The visualization is produced by a time expo- sure of air bubbles in water. Courtesy of ONERA. Photo by Werlé.

Elements Of Electromagnetics
7th Edition
ISBN:9780190698614
Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
Publisher:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
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**Problem 4-31C:** Consider the visualization of flow over a sphere in Fig. P4-31C. Are we seeing streamlines, streaklines, pathlines, or timelines? Explain.

**Figure P4-31C:**

The image shows the visualization of flow over a sphere at a Reynolds number of 15,000. The visualization is produced by a time exposure of air bubbles in water.

**Description:**

The figure captures fluid flow by recording the movement of air bubbles over a sphere, providing a visual representation of how the fluid moves in real-time at a given Reynolds number. The long exposure creates continuous trails that can often illustrate the flow's dynamic properties. This method focuses on capturing pathlines, which show the trajectory that individual fluid particles follow over time.

Courtesy of ONERA. Photo by Werlé.
Transcribed Image Text:**Problem 4-31C:** Consider the visualization of flow over a sphere in Fig. P4-31C. Are we seeing streamlines, streaklines, pathlines, or timelines? Explain. **Figure P4-31C:** The image shows the visualization of flow over a sphere at a Reynolds number of 15,000. The visualization is produced by a time exposure of air bubbles in water. **Description:** The figure captures fluid flow by recording the movement of air bubbles over a sphere, providing a visual representation of how the fluid moves in real-time at a given Reynolds number. The long exposure creates continuous trails that can often illustrate the flow's dynamic properties. This method focuses on capturing pathlines, which show the trajectory that individual fluid particles follow over time. Courtesy of ONERA. Photo by Werlé.
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