3. Please answer the following questions based on the ABC model; that is, three classes of homeotic genes control the floral organ identity. B A C (a) Please indicate on the diagram, which organs A class genes alone, A+B class genes, B+C class genes, and C class genes control respectively? (b) Tom studies the floral identity genes. He found a mutant only develop flowers with two whorls of sepals and two whorls of carpels. Which class(s) of floral homeotic genes may be affected based on the ABC model? (c) What are the genes responsible for the activation of C class gene expression in the third and fourth whorl of flower? How does the expression pattern of the C class gene establish through these regulators?

3. Please answer the following questions based on the ABC model; that is, three classes of homeotic genes control the floral organ identity. B A C (a) Please indicate on the diagram, which organs A class genes alone, A+B class genes, B+C class genes, and C class genes control respectively? (b) Tom studies the floral identity genes. He found a mutant only develop flowers with two whorls of sepals and two whorls of carpels. Which class(s) of floral homeotic genes may be affected based on the ABC model? (c) What are the genes responsible for the activation of C class gene expression in the third and fourth whorl of flower? How does the expression pattern of the C class gene establish through these regulators?

Biology 2e

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781947172517

Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Publisher:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Chapter12: Mendel's Experiments And Heredity

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 9RQ: A scientist pollinates a true-breeding pea plant with violet, terminal flowers with pollen from a...

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Can you clearly type the answers to the all the parts to this question please a) What is the role of the LEAFY gene in floral development? (b) What is the phenotype of the leafy mutant? (c) Most of the ABC program genes are directly regulated by the transcription factor LEAFY (LFY). Still, LFY is expressed broadly throughout the floral meristem when the discrete A, B, and C domains are established. Discuss how this single broadly expressed transcription factor can generate distinct domains of ABC gene expression. Feel free to use diagrams.
Explain how (a) the absence of class B gene expression produces the flower structures seen in class B mutants (see Figure 22.15c) and (b) the absence of class C gene expression produces the structures seen in class C mutants (see Figure 22.15d).
The ABCDE Model of flower development dictates the combination of transcription factors require to initiate each whorl of a flower. Based on the diagram below, what would happen if: Carpels and ovules Sepal Petal Stamen 2 4 Whorl A Genes E 25-40 The ABCDE model of floral organ determination in Arabidopsis In addition to the A-, B-, and C-function genes of the ABC model, this model includes two additional gene classes, D and E. In the ABCDE model, class A + E genes specify sepals; class A + B + E, petals; class B +C +E, stamens; class C + E, carpels; and class C+ D + E, ovules. 1. Gene D was non-functional: 2. Gene E was non-functional: 3. Only Gene A was functional: 4. Gene B and E were non-functional: 5. Only Gene A and Gene E were functional: Hint: If Gene A was non-functional the flower would have no sepals or petals, it would be composed of only stamens and carpels.
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Can you answer both questions please (b) Based on the ABC model, what would be the predicted phenotype of a double AB mutant? (c) In developing flowers of dioecious Spinach and Thalictrum, stamens are not developed in female flowers, and carpels are not developed in male flowers. What is the simplest model of ABC class gene expression that might explain this? Whorl 1 Whorl 2 Whorl 3 Whorl 4 Wild type sepals petals stamens carpels A class gene Carpels stamens stamen carpel mutants B class gene Sepal Sepal carpel carpel C class gene Sepal petal petal sepal mutants mutants
Can you answer both questions please (b) Based on the ABC model, what would be the predicted phenotype of a double AB mutant? (c) In developing flowers of dioecious Spinach and Thalictrum, stamens are not developed in female flowers, and carpels are not developed in male flowers. What is the simplest model of ABC class gene expression that might explain this?
Using just the 'ABC model' of floral development what would you need to change in terms of genes or gene expression to get male only flowers, but still have 3 different floral whorls in total? Then what would you need to change to get female flowers and again have three different floral whorls in total?
d. Based on ABC model of floral development, this/these gene/genes controls/control the development of stamens in the third whorl of a flower. (A) A class gene (B) B + C class genes (C) A + B class genes (D) C class gene
4. (a) Please fill out the following table to describe the classic floral phenotypes of A, B, and C class homeotic mutants. The organ identities of the four whorls in a wild type Arabidopsis flower are filled out for you. Please fill out the rest of the table to indicate the organ identities in different whorls of the mutant flowers. ( Whorl 1 Whorl 2 Whorl 3 Whorl 4 Wild type sepals petals stamens carpels A class gene mutants B class gene mutants C class gene mutants
Tom studies the floral identity genes. He found a mutant only develop flowers with two whorls of sepals and two whorls of carpels. Which may class(s) of floral homeotic genes be affected based on the ABC model? ______________. (A) A class genes (B) B class genes (C) C class genes (D) E class genes
Monoecious plants such as corn have either staminate or carpelate flowers. Knowing what you do about the molecular mechanisms of floral development, which of the following might explain the development of single-sex flowers? a. Expression of B-type genes in the presumptive carpel whorl will generate staminate flowers. b. Loss of A-type genes in the presumptive petal whorl will allow C-type and B-type genes to produce stamens instead of petals in that whorl. c. Restricting B-type gene expression to the presumptive petal whorl will generate carpelate flowers. d. All of the choices are correct.
What are homeotic genes? Please exaplain ow they control the sequence of whorl development in flowers according to the ABCDE model.