3. Methanol (CH,OH) has an enthalpy of fusion AHfus = 3.17 kJ/mol and a freezing point of -97.6 °C. Determine the AH associated with freezing 50.0 mL of methanol at -97.6 °C. (The density of methanol is 0.791 g/mL.)

3. Methanol (CH,OH) has an enthalpy of fusion AHfus = 3.17 kJ/mol and a freezing point of -97.6 °C. Determine the AH associated with freezing 50.0 mL of methanol at -97.6 °C. (The density of methanol is 0.791 g/mL.)

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter11: Properties Of Solutions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4ALQ

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In a mountainous location, the boiling point of pure water is found to be 95C. How many grams of sodium chloride must be added to 1 kg of water to bring the boiling point back to 100C? Assume that i = 2.
When KNO3 is dissolved in water, the resulting solution is significantly colder than the water was originally. (a) Is the dissolution of KNO3 an endothermic or an exothermic process? (b) What conclusions can you draw about the intermolecular attractions involved in the process? (c) Is the resulting solution an ideal solution?
Heat is released when some solutions form; heat is absorbed when other solutions form. Provide a molecular explanation for the difference between these two types of spontaneous processes.
6-21 Are mixtures of gases true solutions or heterogeneous mixtures? Explain.
6-68 If we add 175 g of ethylene glycol, C2H6O2, per 1000. g of water to a car radiator, what will be the freezing point of the solution?
6-93 Two bottles of water are carbonated, with CO2 gas being added, under 2 atm pressure and then capped. One bottle is stored at room temperature; the other is stored in the refrigerator. When the bottle stored at room temperature is opened, large bubbles escape, along with a third of the water. The bottle stored in the refrigerator is opened without frothing or bubbles escaping. Explain.
The freezing point of a 0.21 m aqueous solution of H2SO4 is -0.796C. (a) What is i? (b) Is the solution made up primarily of (i) H2SO4 molecules only? (ii) H+ and HSO4- ions? (iii) 2H+ and 1SO42- ions?
6-111 As noted in Section 6-8C, the amount of external pressure that must be applied to a more concentrated solution to stop the passage of solvent molecules across a semipermeable membrane is known as the osmotic pressure The osmotic pressure obeys a law similar in form to the ideal gas law (discussed in Section 5-4), where Substituting for pressure and solving for osmotic pressures gives the following equation: RT MRT, where M is the concentration or molarity of the solution. (a) Determine the osmotic pressure at 25°C of a 0.0020 M sucrose (C12H22O11) solution. (b) Seawater contains 3.4 g of salts for every liter of solution. Assuming the solute consists entirely of NaCl (and complete dissociation of the NaCI salt), calculate the osmotic pressure of seawater at 25°C. (c) The average osmotic pressure of blood is 7.7 atm at 25°C. What concentration of glucose (C6H12O6) will be isotonic with blood? (d) Lysozyme is an enzyme that breaks bacterial cell walls. A solution containing 0.150 g of this enzyme in 210. mL of solution has an osmotic pressure of 0.953 torr at 25°C. What is the molar mass of lysozyme? (e) The osmotic pressure of an aqueous solution of a certain protein was measured in order to determine the protein's molar mass. The solution contained 3.50 mg of protein dissolved in sufficient water to form 5.00 mL of solution. The osmotic pressure of the solution at 25°C was found to be 1.54 torr. Calculate the molar mass of the protein.
Arrange the following solutions in order by their decreasing freezing points: 0.1 m Na3PO4, 0.1 m C2H5OH, 0.01 m CO2, 0.151 m NaCI, and 0.21 m cacI2.
The freezing point of a 0.11 m solution of HNO2 is -0.20C. (a) What is i for the solution? (b) Is the solution made (i) of HNO2 molecules only? (ii) of H+ and NO2- only? (iii) of more HNO2 molecules than H+ ions? (iv) primarily of H+ and NO2- ions with some HNO2 molecules?
Samples of each of the substances listed below are dissolved in 125 g of water. Which of the solutions has the highest boiling point? (a) 3.0 g sucrose, C12H22O11 (b) 1.0 g glycerol, C3H3(OH)3 (c) 1.0 g propylene glycol, C3H6(OH)2 (d) 2.0 g glucose, C6H12(OH)2
Insulin is a hormone responsible for the regulation of glucose levels in the blood. An aqueous solution of insulin has an osmotic pressure of 2.5 mm Hg at 25C. It is prepared by dissolving 0.100 g of insulin in enough water to make 125 mL of solution. What is the molar mass of insulin?

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