3. If the time order of production has not been recorded in a set of data from a process, is it possible to detect the presence of assignable causes?

The Bureau of Labor Statistics provides the following data about U.S. workers ages 16 and older who were paid hourly rates in 2021. The table shows, overall and separately for men and women, the number of workers (in thousands, so that the upper left value of 76,125 represents over 76 million individuals) who were paid hourly that year and the number who earned the federal minimum wage or less. Characteristic Total, 16 years and older Men, 16 years and older Women, 16 years and older Number of workers (in thousands) Total paid hourly rates 76,125 38,089 38,036 At or below minimum wage 1,091 398 693 Express the value "693 thousands" in the table (lower right cell) as a sentence in context. There are 693 women 16 years and older who earned the federal minimu, wage or less. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate supporting evidence computed from the data table. Give all numerical answers as a number between 0 and 1, rounded to 3 decimal places (for ex., 0.111, no text). A U.S. worker…

The Bureau of Labor Statistics provides the following data about U.S. workers ages 16 and older who were paid hourly rates in 2021. The table shows, overall and separately for men and women, the number of workers (in thousands, so that the upper left value of 76,125 represents over 76 million individuals) who were paid hourly that year and the number who earned the federal minimum wage or less. Characteristic Total, 16 years and older Men, 16 years and older Women, 16 years and older Number of workers (in thousands) Total paid hourly rates 76,125 38,089 38,036 At or below minimum wage 1,091 398 693 Obtain the probability that a man earned the federal minimum wage or less in the population of hourly paid workers in the United States in 2021. Give your answer as a number between 0 and 1, rounded to 3 decimal places (for ex., 0.111, no text). Enter your answer here Enter your answer here The probability that a man earned the federal minimum wage or less in this population is O P(man |…

The following data represents the wait times (in minutes) experienced by customers at a  bank on different days of the week:     Tuesday    7    12    3   15   8   9     12    7    4 Friday    16    15   18     22    16    20    17    18    14   (a) Based on this data, if you were in planning ahead and wanted to be able to process your banking needs quickly, which day of the week would be better to visit the bank?   (Choose one to Fill in the blank)   (Tuesday/Friday) ____________ would be the better day to visit the bank since the (Mean/ Median/ Mode/ Range/ Standard Deviation)  ______________ is (Lower/Higher) ____________.   (b) Based on this data, which day of the week has a more consistent (less variation) wait times for customers to expect? (Choose one to Fill in the blank)   (Tuesday/Friday) _____________ is more consistent in wait times since the (Mean/ Median/ Mode/ Range/ Standard Deviation)  ______________  is (Lower/Higher) ____________.

Good forecasting and control of preconstruction activities leads to more efficient use of time and resources in highway construction projects. Data on construction costs (in $1000s) and person-hours of labor required on several projects are presented in the following table and are taken from the article "Forecasting Engineering Manpower Requirements for Highway Preconstruction Activities" (K. Persad, J. O'Connor, and K. Varghese, Journal of Management Engineering, 1995:41-47). Each value represents an average of several projects, and two outliers have been deleted. Cost (y) 251 Person-Hours (x) 939 5796 4690 289 124 283 294 138 138 2698 1385 663 345 1069 355 6945 5253 4159 1177 1266 802 1481 945 4716 2327 Compute the least-squares line for predicting y from x. Plot the residuals versus the fitted values. Does the model seem appropriate? c. Compute the least-squares line for predicting In y from In x. Plot the residuals versus the fitted values. Does the model seem appropriate? C. e.…

A factory uses three production lines to manufacture cans of a certain type. The accompanying table gives percentages of nonconforming cans, categorized by type of nonconformance, for each of the three lines during a particular time period. Blemish Crack Pull-Tab Problem Surface Defect Other Line 1 Line 2 Line 3 15 12 20 50 44 40 21 28 24 10 8 15 4 8 2 During this period, line 1 produced 500 nonconforming cans, line 2 produced 200 such cans, and line 3 was responsible for 800 nonconforming cans. Suppose that one of these 1,500 cans is randomly selected. (a) What is the probability that the can was produced by line 1? (Round your answer to three decimal places.) What is the probability that the reason for nonconformance is a crack? (Round your answer to three decimal places.) (b) If the selected can came from line 1, what is the probability that it had a blemish? (c) Given that the selected can had a surface defect, what is the probability that it came from line 1? (Round your answer to…

(b) Employers at a firm are worried about the effect of March Madness, a basketball championship held each spring in the US, on employee productivity. They estimate that on a regular business day employees spend on average 15 minutes of company time checking personal email, making personal phone calls, etc. They also collect data on how much company time employees spend on such non-business activities during March Madness. They want to determine if these data provide convincing evidence that employee productivity changed during March Madness. In symbols, the hypotheses are: Ho: Hregular = Hmarch Madness Ha: Hregular * HMarch Madness Ho: Hregular Pmarch Madness

Suppose you would like to assess the association between physicians' self-assessed burnout (measured as a response to the prompt "I feel burned out from my work" using a 6-point Likert-type scale: Every day; A few times a week; Once a week; A few times a month; Once a month; A few times a year) and the cost of their provided care (measured as a sum of all billed care over the course of 30 days by each physician included in the study). For what confounders should you control in a regression model quantifying this association? Give at least 2 examples.

Assume the below life table was constructed from following individuals who were diagnosed with a slow-progressing form of prostate cancer and decided not to receive treatment of any form. Calculate the survival probability at year 2 using the Kaplan-Meir approach and interpret the results.   Time in Years Number at Risk, Nt Number of Deaths, Dt Number Censored, Ct Survival Probability 0 20     1 1 20 3     2 17   1   3 16 2 1

Studies of the size and range of wild animal populations often involve tagging observed individual animals and recording how many times each is caught in a trap (from which it is then released back into the wild). The dataset presented in Table 3 consists of the numbers of times each of n = 334 wood mice were caught in a particular trap (over a two-year time period). The data are also provided in the Minitab file wood-mice.mwx. Table 3 Numbers of trappings of wood mice Times trapped 1 2 Frequency 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 71 59 41 39 20 26 19 12 9 Times trapped 10 11 12 13 14 Frequency 5 15 16 17 18 8 49 2 13 3 3 The geometric distribution with parameter p is a good model for these data. (i) What is the maximum likelihood estimator of p for a geometric model? (ii) What is the maximum likelihood estimate of p for the data in Table 3? You are recommended to use Minitab to help you to answer this part of the question.