3. Fill in the empty boxes with the correct information. Cation Ca2+ NH₂ Anion CI- CIO3 Formula K₂S MgS Name Lithium Carbonate 4. Indicate the names and common charges for each group on the periodic table below. Four of the eight groups have special names. Indicate those as well. (Disregard the lanthanides, and actinides)
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Introduction
Cations are positively charged ions that are formed when an atom, molecule, or ion loses electrons. They are usually derived from metals. Anions are negatively charged ions that are formed when an atom, molecule, or ion gains electrons. They are usually derived from nonmetals.
Cations can have different valence states, depending on the number of electrons that were lost and the type of element. Common cations include sodium cations (Na+), potassium cations (K+), and calcium cations (Ca2+). Anions can also have different valence states, depending on the number of electrons that were gained and the type of element. Common anions include chloride anions (Cl-), bromide anions (Br-), and fluoride anions (F-).
The combination of cations and anions can form an ionic bond, which is a type of chemical bond formed when two oppositely charged ions are attracted to one another. The bond is formed by the electrostatic attraction between the cation and the anion, which results in the formation of an ionic compound.
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