3. Exercise 55.2 #12. Let p be an od«

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3. Exercise §5.2 #12. Let p be an odd prime number.
(a) Prove that any primitive root r modulo p is a quadratic nonresidue modulo p.
Deduce that r-1)/2 = -1 mod p
(b) Prove that there are exactly - (p – 1) incongruent quadratic nonresidues modulo p that are not
primitive roots modulo p
Transcribed Image Text:3. Exercise §5.2 #12. Let p be an odd prime number. (a) Prove that any primitive root r modulo p is a quadratic nonresidue modulo p. Deduce that r-1)/2 = -1 mod p (b) Prove that there are exactly - (p – 1) incongruent quadratic nonresidues modulo p that are not primitive roots modulo p
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