Calculus: Early Transcendentals
8th Edition
ISBN:9781285741550
Author:James Stewart
Publisher:James Stewart
Chapter1: Functions And Models
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RCC: (a) What is a function? What are its domain and range? (b) What is the graph of a function? (c) How...
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Riemann Sum
Riemann Sums is a special type of approximation of the area under a curve by dividing it into multiple simple shapes like rectangles or trapezoids and is used in integrals when finite sums are involved. Figuring out the area of a curve is complex hence this method makes it simple. Usually, we take the help of different integration methods for this purpose. This is one of the major parts of integral calculus.
Riemann Integral
Bernhard Riemann's integral was the first systematic description of the integral of a function on an interval in the branch of mathematics known as real analysis.
Question
![### Problem Statement
**3. Estimate the integral \( \int_{-2}^{6} (x^3 - 18x^2 + 107x - 207) \, dx \) using a left-hand Riemann sum with 4 subintervals of equal width.**
### Explanation
To solve this problem, we will use the left-hand Riemann sum to approximate the definite integral of the given function over the interval \([-2, 6]\). The interval will be divided into 4 equal subintervals, and the left endpoint of each subinterval will be used to evaluate the function.
1. **Determine the Width of Each Subinterval**:
- The total interval length is \(6 - (-2) = 8\).
- Since there are 4 subintervals, the width \(\Delta x\) of each subinterval is \( \frac{8}{4} = 2\).
2. **Identify the Left Endpoints of Each Subinterval**:
- Subintervals and their left endpoints:
- \([-2, 0]\), left endpoint: \(-2\)
- \([0, 2]\), left endpoint: \(0\)
- \([2, 4]\), left endpoint: \(2\)
- \([4, 6]\), left endpoint: \(4\)
3. **Evaluate the Function at Each Left Endpoint**:
- \(f(-2) = (-2)^3 - 18(-2)^2 + 107(-2) - 207\)
- \(f(0) = (0)^3 - 18(0)^2 + 107(0) - 207\)
- \(f(2) = (2)^3 - 18(2)^2 + 107(2) - 207\)
- \(f(4) = (4)^3 - 18(4)^2 + 107(4) - 207\)
4. **Calculate the Left-Hand Riemann Sum**:
- Riemann sum = \(\Delta x \times [f(-2) + f(0) + f(2) + f(4)]\)
- Substitute the values to approximate the integral.
This approach provides an approximation of the area under the curve of the function from \(-2\) to](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fc7632b8b-cf59-4c43-8cbd-0b856253f09c%2Ff8d850b7-824d-41ab-ada0-43ea609aa636%2Fl5se2wi_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:### Problem Statement
**3. Estimate the integral \( \int_{-2}^{6} (x^3 - 18x^2 + 107x - 207) \, dx \) using a left-hand Riemann sum with 4 subintervals of equal width.**
### Explanation
To solve this problem, we will use the left-hand Riemann sum to approximate the definite integral of the given function over the interval \([-2, 6]\). The interval will be divided into 4 equal subintervals, and the left endpoint of each subinterval will be used to evaluate the function.
1. **Determine the Width of Each Subinterval**:
- The total interval length is \(6 - (-2) = 8\).
- Since there are 4 subintervals, the width \(\Delta x\) of each subinterval is \( \frac{8}{4} = 2\).
2. **Identify the Left Endpoints of Each Subinterval**:
- Subintervals and their left endpoints:
- \([-2, 0]\), left endpoint: \(-2\)
- \([0, 2]\), left endpoint: \(0\)
- \([2, 4]\), left endpoint: \(2\)
- \([4, 6]\), left endpoint: \(4\)
3. **Evaluate the Function at Each Left Endpoint**:
- \(f(-2) = (-2)^3 - 18(-2)^2 + 107(-2) - 207\)
- \(f(0) = (0)^3 - 18(0)^2 + 107(0) - 207\)
- \(f(2) = (2)^3 - 18(2)^2 + 107(2) - 207\)
- \(f(4) = (4)^3 - 18(4)^2 + 107(4) - 207\)
4. **Calculate the Left-Hand Riemann Sum**:
- Riemann sum = \(\Delta x \times [f(-2) + f(0) + f(2) + f(4)]\)
- Substitute the values to approximate the integral.
This approach provides an approximation of the area under the curve of the function from \(-2\) to
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