3. Draw a reaction coordinate diagram for ... an exergonic reaction Free energy Progress of the reaction Free energy ... a two-step reaction where the reactants are the most stable species *** Progress of the reaction *** a reaction that has one intermediate Free energy Progress of the reaction ... a three-step reaction, in which the second step has the highest energy of activation Free energy Progress of the reaction
Basics in Organic Reactions Mechanisms
In organic chemistry, the mechanism of an organic reaction is defined as a complete step-by-step explanation of how a reaction of organic compounds happens. A completely detailed mechanism would relate the first structure of the reactants with the last structure of the products and would represent changes in structure and energy all through the reaction step.
Heterolytic Bond Breaking
Heterolytic bond breaking is also known as heterolysis or heterolytic fission or ionic fission. It is defined as breaking of a covalent bond between two different atoms in which one atom gains both of the shared pair of electrons. The atom that gains both electrons is more electronegative than the other atom in covalent bond. The energy needed for heterolytic fission is called as heterolytic bond dissociation energy.
Polar Aprotic Solvent
Solvents that are chemically polar in nature and are not capable of hydrogen bonding (implying that a hydrogen atom directly linked with an electronegative atom is not found) are referred to as polar aprotic solvents. Some commonly used polar aprotic solvents are acetone, DMF, acetonitrile, DMSO, etc.
Oxygen Nucleophiles
Oxygen being an electron rich species with a lone pair electron, can act as a good nucleophile. Typically, oxygen nucleophiles can be found in these compounds- water, hydroxides and alcohols.
Carbon Nucleophiles
We are aware that carbon belongs to group IV and hence does not possess any lone pair of electrons. Implying that neutral carbon is not a nucleophile then how is carbon going to be nucleophilic? The answer to this is that when a carbon atom is attached to a metal (can be seen in the case of organometallic compounds), the metal atom develops a partial positive charge and carbon develops a partial negative charge, hence making carbon nucleophilic.
3. please answer all parts
![a two-step reaction where the products
and reactants are degenerate (equal in
energy)
Free energy
Progress of the reaction
... a reaction that proceeds through three
transition states
Free energy
Progress of the reaction](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F9d929fa4-2fdc-40c7-801d-1fbf9b4298bd%2Fee25b2da-a8b2-482e-89f3-b96d97df6c10%2Fzi6puir_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
![3. Draw a reaction coordinate diagram for ...
... an exergonic reaction
Free energy
Progress of the reaction
a two-step reaction where the reactants
are the most stable species
Free energy
Progress of the reaction
... a reaction that has one intermediate
Free energy
Progress of the reaction
... a three-step reaction, in which the second
step has the highest energy of activation
Free energy
Progress of the reaction](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F9d929fa4-2fdc-40c7-801d-1fbf9b4298bd%2Fee25b2da-a8b2-482e-89f3-b96d97df6c10%2Fxuopaki_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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