Please answer the questions 3. Describe the effects of the various antiseptics/disinfectants you used. Were they allequally effective at controlling bacterial growth? How do you know?4. Compare the effectiveness of the different chemical disinfectants on each bacteriumthat you used. Which seem to be better at controlling bacterial growth? Why do youthink this is so?5. Why are the pseudomonads less affected by the four chemicals shown in the figures7.6?6. Can you think of any limitations of this technique of testing the effectiveness ofantimicrobial agents?

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Answered: 3. Describe the effects of the various…

3. Describe the effects of the various antiseptics/disinfectants you used. Were they all equally effective at controlling bacterial growth? How do you know?

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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1. How is UV radiation a good type of control mechanism against microbial growth? Please explain what happens to the microbe and effects this control causes. 2. Suppose you do the Kirby-Bauer test on a hypothetical Staphylococcus species with penicillin and tetracycline. You record diameters of 20mm for tetracycline and 24mm for penicillin. Which antibiotic is most effective against this bacterium and why? Please explain and interpret these results.
1. What are the advantages of staining a bacterial preparation before observing it under a microscope?2.Briefly state how a hanging-drop preparation is prepared.3. How does the heaviness of a bacterial smear affect its microscopic analysis4. Why should you be careful not to underheat a smear during the heat-fixing process5.What is heat fixation? How is it carried out?6. Why do you think the presence of grease or dirt on a glass slide will result in a poor smear preparation? Cite two or three reasons 7. Why are basic dyes more effective for bacterial staining than acidic dyes?8. State two ways that can confirm whether a bacterial smear has been correctly prepared or not
8. Pigment or color (e.g.: opaque, translucid, red, yellow, rose, violet, etc..) is also another characteristic that can be used to identify your microorganism in a slant Thus, write down the name of three microorganisms (using scientific notation: Escherichia coli) that present a pigmented pattern of growth in a slant (write down the color of each pigment) and the name of the disease that they may cause. F10 F12 F6 %24 6. R. Home Enter K F G A Shift C Page Up Page Down Alt Ctrl Alt Σ
2.How do gram positive and gram negative bacteria differ in cellular structure, and how does this contribute to their differential staining properties? 3.How does the age of a culture affect the gram stain reaction? What is an optimum culture age for a valid gram reaction? 4.Which step in the gram stain procedure is most prone to error?If done correctly how might that step affect the end result? 5.what is the function of mordant, and which reagent serves this purpose in the gram stain procedure? 6.List the reagents of the gram star technique in order and their general role in the staining process. 7.In what type of cell, gram -positive or gram-negative , would you find lipopolysaccharide in its cell wall?
2. You use tubes to test aerotolerance of bacteria. From your samples you have 3 results: A. Bacteria growing on the surface. B. Bacteria growing throughout the tube, the agar shows cracks. C. Bacteria growing about 5 mm below the surface. Please interpret each bacterial result. (Give the bacteria an oxygen classification, explain what classification means and interpret the cracks in the agar.) 3. Please explain how the use of an Eosin Methylene Blue Agar plate can help determine the type of fermenters that bacteria are. Please explain thoroughly.
1. What is the most common sterilization technique used in laboratories? 2. List at least 5 procedures of the aseptic technique and describe its uses. 3. Why is Gram stain one of the most important and widely used stains in bacteriology? 4. Explain the Gram staining technique in chronological order. Indicate the reagent used and the time of usage on each reagent.
8. Pigment or color (e.g.: opaque, translucid, red, yellow, rose, violet, etc..) is also another characteristic that can be used to identify your microorganism in a slant. Thus, write down the name of three microorganisms (using scientific notation: Escherichia coli) that present a pigmented pattern of growth in a slant (write down the color of each pigment) and the name of the disease that they may cause. 200%- 927 PM 0 日 2/7/2021 21 DELL Insert Delete F11 F12 PrtScr F9 F10 F7 F8 F6 F3 F4 F5 Esc F1 F2 Backspace & # 2$ 8 4 1 2 P Home R T E Enter K Shift V B Page Down Page Up Alt Ctrl Alt THome ノ/ *00 Σ
1. The colonies on a negative MSA plate would appear _____________. 2. "E. Coli and S. epidermidis were chosen to represent Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, respectively. For a given antibiotic, is there a difference in susceptibility between the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria?" "No, they are usually similar" "yes, drugs that target the cell membrane are more effective on gram negatives" "yes, drugs that target the cell wall are more effective on gram negatives" "yes, drugs that target the cell wall are more effective on gram positives" how can I tell the difference
1. You accidentally used safranin as the primary stain and malachite green as the counter stain during a spore staining procedure. Explain how your microscopic observation would differ from those observed when slides of spore-containing bacteria were prepared correctly. 2.One of your classmates performed a gram stain on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and found variable gram staining, with only some of the cells gram positive. What should your classmate have found? What errors could have contributed to the variable result?
2. During the calibration of an ocular micrometer, two (2) stage micrometer divisions were observed to line up with ten (10). If the graduation interval on the stage micrometer is 0.01mm, calculate: i. The calibrated value of the ocular micrometer in µm. ii. The size of Pseudomonas aeruginosa which has occupied 5 ocular divisions. 3. What are the methods of staining?
4. From all antiseptics & disinfectants tested in class which agent worked the best against Staphylococcus & Pseudomonas? What part of the cell was effected by the control method?
6. Answer the following questions about colony forming units. a. b. You take a culture of bacteria and dilute it 5 times. Each dilution uses 1 ml of culture and 9 ml of saline solution. You take .1ml from the most dilute tube and plate it on a TSA plate. The next day you count 61 colonies. What was the original concentration a) 6.1 X 105 CFU/ml b) 6.1 X 105 CFU/ml c) 6.1 X 108 CFU/ml d) 6.1 X 107 CFU/ml You are doing a series of serial dilutions to find the concentration of bacteria in CFU/ml in a culture. You plate several of the dilutions tubes and count the colonies the next day. On plate A you find over 1000 colonies, plate B you find 157 colonies and plate C you find 7 colonies. Which plate(s) can be used to determine the concentration in the original tube? a) Plate A Ob) None of the plates can be used c) Plate C d) Plate B e) Plates A, B and C