3. After reviewing its cost structure (variable costs of P7.50 per unit and monthly fixed costs of P60,000) and potential market, F Company established what it considered to be a reasonable selling price. The company expected to sell 50,000 units per month and planned its monthly results as follows: Sales . . P500,000 Variable costs . 375,000 Contribution margin . 125,000 Fixed costs . 60,000 ................. Income before taxes 65,000 Income tax (40%) 26,000 Net income . P 39,000 Using the above information, compute the following: a. What selling price did the company establish. b. What is the contribution margin per unit? c. What is the break even point in units?
Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis
Cost Volume Profit (CVP) analysis is a cost accounting method that analyses the effect of fluctuating cost and volume on the operating profit. Also known as break-even analysis, CVP determines the break-even point for varying volumes of sales and cost structures. This information helps the managers make economic decisions on a short-term basis. CVP analysis is based on many assumptions. Sales price, variable costs, and fixed costs per unit are assumed to be constant. The analysis also assumes that all units produced are sold and costs get impacted due to changes in activities. All costs incurred by the company like administrative, manufacturing, and selling costs are identified as either fixed or variable.
Marginal Costing
Marginal cost is defined as the change in the total cost which takes place when one additional unit of a product is manufactured. The marginal cost is influenced only by the variations which generally occur in the variable costs because the fixed costs remain the same irrespective of the output produced. The concept of marginal cost is used for product pricing when the customers want the lowest possible price for a certain number of orders. There is no accounting entry for marginal cost and it is only used by the management for taking effective decisions.
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