3. (a) A Congressional committee of three is be chosen from a set of five Democrats, three Republicans and four independents. In how many ways can the committee be chosen, if it must have at least one Democrat and at least one Repub- lican? (b) On Halloween 10 identical apples are distributed to 7 distinct children. How many distributions are possible, if each child is to receive at least one apple?
Permutations and Combinations
If there are 5 dishes, they can be relished in any order at a time. In permutation, it should be in a particular order. In combination, the order does not matter. Take 3 letters a, b, and c. The possible ways of pairing any two letters are ab, bc, ac, ba, cb and ca. It is in a particular order. So, this can be called the permutation of a, b, and c. But if the order does not matter then ab is the same as ba. Similarly, bc is the same as cb and ac is the same as ca. Here the list has ab, bc, and ac alone. This can be called the combination of a, b, and c.
Counting Theory
The fundamental counting principle is a rule that is used to count the total number of possible outcomes in a given situation.
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