3) Let H be the set of all polynomials having degree at most 4 and rational coefficients. Determine whether H is a vector space. If it is not a vector space, determine which of the following properties it fails to satisfy. A: Contains zero vector B: Closed under vector addition C: Closed under multiplication by scalars A) H is a vector space. B) H is not a vector space; does not contain zero vector C) H is not a vector space; not closed under vector addition D) H is not a vector space; not closed under multiplication by scalars

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**Question 3: Vector Space of Polynomials**

**Let H be the set of all polynomials having degree at most 4 and rational coefficients. Determine whether H is a vector space. If it is not a vector space, determine which of the following properties it fails to satisfy:**

A: Contains zero vector  
B: Closed under vector addition  
C: Closed under multiplication by scalars  

**Options:**

A) H is a vector space.  
B) H is not a vector space; does not contain zero vector  
C) H is not a vector space; not closed under vector addition  
D) H is not a vector space; not closed under multiplication by scalars  

---

**Explanation:**

To determine whether H is a vector space, we need to verify if it satisfies the required properties for vector spaces. 

1. **Contains Zero Vector:**  
We need to check whether the polynomial 0 (which is the zero vector in this context) is in H. Clearly, 0 is a polynomial of degree at most 4 with rational coefficients, so this property is satisfied.

2. **Closed Under Vector Addition:**  
Check if the sum of any two polynomials in H is also a polynomial in H. Given any two polynomials \( p(x) \) and \( q(x) \) each of degree at most 4, their sum \( p(x) + q(x) \) will also be a polynomial of degree at most 4 and will have rational coefficients. Thus, this property is satisfied.

3. **Closed Under Multiplication by Scalars:**  
Check if any scalar multiple of a polynomial in H is also in H. Given any polynomial \( p(x) \) of degree at most 4 and any rational scalar \( c \), the polynomial \( c \cdot p(x) \) will also be a polynomial of degree at most 4 with rational coefficients. This property is also satisfied.

Since all the necessary properties for a vector space are satisfied, we conclude:

**Answer: A) H is a vector space.**
Transcribed Image Text:**Question 3: Vector Space of Polynomials** **Let H be the set of all polynomials having degree at most 4 and rational coefficients. Determine whether H is a vector space. If it is not a vector space, determine which of the following properties it fails to satisfy:** A: Contains zero vector B: Closed under vector addition C: Closed under multiplication by scalars **Options:** A) H is a vector space. B) H is not a vector space; does not contain zero vector C) H is not a vector space; not closed under vector addition D) H is not a vector space; not closed under multiplication by scalars --- **Explanation:** To determine whether H is a vector space, we need to verify if it satisfies the required properties for vector spaces. 1. **Contains Zero Vector:** We need to check whether the polynomial 0 (which is the zero vector in this context) is in H. Clearly, 0 is a polynomial of degree at most 4 with rational coefficients, so this property is satisfied. 2. **Closed Under Vector Addition:** Check if the sum of any two polynomials in H is also a polynomial in H. Given any two polynomials \( p(x) \) and \( q(x) \) each of degree at most 4, their sum \( p(x) + q(x) \) will also be a polynomial of degree at most 4 and will have rational coefficients. Thus, this property is satisfied. 3. **Closed Under Multiplication by Scalars:** Check if any scalar multiple of a polynomial in H is also in H. Given any polynomial \( p(x) \) of degree at most 4 and any rational scalar \( c \), the polynomial \( c \cdot p(x) \) will also be a polynomial of degree at most 4 with rational coefficients. This property is also satisfied. Since all the necessary properties for a vector space are satisfied, we conclude: **Answer: A) H is a vector space.**
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