2R Mo The simple spoked system shown consists of a rigid wheel and four identical pretensioned spokes connected tangentially to the edge of the hub. The tension in each spoke is 300 N. Say the hub is subjected to a torque M, as shown. The spokes are steel and circular in cross-section with diameter d. Determine the tor- sional stiffness, that is the ratio of the torque Mo to the rotation of the hub (in radians). Assume small rotations. Take d = 2 mm, R = 40 mm, and b = 380 mm.

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System of Forces

A force is an external influence or agent that changes the state of a system. According to Newton's second law, the force applied to a body is proportional to the change in momentum of a body. Hence, whenever a force is applied to a body, its momentum changes. If the body is at rest, under the action of force, its state of rest changes to motion. In other words, the magnitude of the momentum of the body changes from zero to a measurable value. Similarly, if the body possesses some initial velocity, it has some associated momentum, the effect of force can cause the body to halt or come to rest, that is, the momentum reduces to zero.