28. For each of the following molecules or ions that contain sulfur,write the Lewis structure(s), predict the molecular structure (in-cluding bond angles), and give the expected hybrid orbitals forsulfur.a. SO,b. SO,c.S,0,2- s-d.S,0,2-0-$-O–0–$–0e. SO,²-f. SO,²-g. SF,h. SF,i. SF,j. F,S–SFk. SF,*

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Answered: 28. For each of the following molecules…

Chemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781133611097

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl

Chapter9: Covalent Bonding: Orbitals

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 29E: For each of the following molecules, write the Lewis structure(s), predict the molecular structure...

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Lets look more closely at the process of hybridization. (a) What is the relationship between the number of hybrid orbitals produced and the number of atomic orbitals used to create them? (b) Do hybrid atomic orbitals form between different p orbitals without involving 5 orbitals? (c) What is the relationship between the energy of hybrid atomic orbitals and the atomic orbitals from which they are formed?
What hybridization is required for central atoms that have a tetrahedral arrangement of electron pairs? A trigonal planar arrangement of electron pairs? A linear arrangement of e lectron pairs? How many unhybridized p atomic orbitals are present when a central atom exhibits tetrahedral geometry? Trigonal planar geometry? Linear geometry? What are the unhybridized p atomic orbitals used for? Describe the bonding in H2S, CH4, H2CO, and HCN, using the localized electron model.
What is the OSO angle and the hybrid orbital set used by sulfur in each of the following molecules or ions? (a) SO2 (b) SO3 (c) SO32 (d) SO42 Do all have the same value for the OSO angle? Does the S atom in all these species use the same hybrid orbitals?
Among the following, which has the shortest bond and which has the longest: Li2, B2, C2, N2, O2?
The structure of amphetamine, a stimulant, is shown below. (Replacing one H atom on the NH2, or amino, group with CH3 gives methamphetamine a particularly dangerous drug commonly known as speed.) (a) What are the hybrid orbitals used by the C atoms of the C6 ring. by the C atoms of the side chain, and by the N atom? (b) Give approximate values for the bond angles A, B, and C. (c) How many bonds and bonds are in the molerule? (d) Is the molecule polar or nonpolar? (e) Amphetamine reacts readily with a proton (H+) in aqueous solution. Where does this proton attach to the molecule? Explain how the electrostatic potential map predicts this site of protonation.
Complete the Lewis structures of the following molecules. Predict the molecular structure, polarity, bond angles, and hybrid orbitals used by the atoms marked by asterisks for each molecule.
4. Hybridization. Give the best Lewis structure (including formal charge on atoms), VESPR geometry, and hybridization of the indicated atom in the following molecules (sp, sp², sp³ sp³d, sp³d²). Formula: NO Bro PCl, Lewis Structure: sdi al (d VESPR electron group geometry: loh atwollot ses hebiveig od l ntvihsto Hybridization:
B. Answer the next two questions about the Lewis structure of XYZ shown below. メー三 -YEz: I. What is the hybridization of the central atom? II. For all covalent bonds, specify the type of bond (o vs. T) and the atomic orbitals that overlap to form the bond. For example, in a molecule of H2, the only bond is o: H(s)-H(s).
13. Give the hybridization for the underlined atoms. You will need to draw the Lewis structures. 2- a. CO;² b. SiO2 с. IBrs d. BeF2 e. НCN
24. Hybrid bonds in chemistry a. have energy content which is between the original and new energy level b. occur only if a vacant orbital of a similar orbital is available c. require energy to split the paired s electrons and give two single unpaired electrons sp, sp, sp e. all the above 3 d. can be 25. When elements in Column IIA combine with other elements, the paired s-orbital electrons unpair and form new a. sp hybrid bonds. b. sp C. sp 26. When a hybrid form between Column IIIA elements, the hybrid is called b. sp a. sp c. sp 27. When bonds are formed between Column IVA elements such as carbon, the hybrids are a. sp b. sp c. sp 28. Elements to the right of Column VA, the nitrogen family, do not form hybrids because a. the energy levels have a complete octet and rarely react with other elements. b. there is no open orbital available for one of the paired s electrons. c. neutrons interfere with hybrids. d. less energy is achieved when the hybrid compromise level forms.
Answer the following questions
Complete the following resonance structures for POCl3. a. Would you predict the same molecular structure from each resonance structure? b. What is the hybridization of P in each structure? c. What orbitals can the P atom use to form the π bond in structure B? d. Which resonance structure would be favoured on the basis of formal charges?

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