25. Experiment Trial 1 2 [x] (Molarity) 0.1 0.2 [Y] (Molarity) 0.3 0.6 Rate (M/min) 4.0 x 10-4 1.6 x 10-3 3 0.2 0.3 4.0 x 10-4 The data in the table above were obtained for the reaction X + Y→ Z. Which of the following is the rate law for the reaction? A) Rate = K[X]² B) Rate = k[Y]² C) Rate = K[X][Y] D) Rate = K[X]²[Y] E) Rate = = K[X][Y]²

25. Experiment Trial 1 2 [x] (Molarity) 0.1 0.2 [Y] (Molarity) 0.3 0.6 Rate (M/min) 4.0 x 10-4 1.6 x 10-3 3 0.2 0.3 4.0 x 10-4 The data in the table above were obtained for the reaction X + Y→ Z. Which of the following is the rate law for the reaction? A) Rate = K[X]² B) Rate = k[Y]² C) Rate = K[X][Y] D) Rate = K[X]²[Y] E) Rate = = K[X][Y]²

Chemistry: Matter and Change

1st Edition

ISBN:9780078746376

Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl Wistrom

Publisher:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl Wistrom

Chapter16: Reaction Rates

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 6STP

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The label on a bottle of 3% (by volume) hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, purchased at a grocery store, states that the solution should be stored in a cool, dark place. H2O2decomposes slowly over time, and the rate of decomposition increases with an increase in temperature and in the presence of light. However, the rate of decomposition increases dramatically if a small amount of powdered MnO- is added to the solution. The decomposition products are H2O and O2. MnO2 is not consumed in the reaction. Write the equation for the decomposition of H2O2. What role does MnO2 play? In the chemistry lab, a student substituted a chunk of MnO2 for the powdered compound. The reaction rate was not appreciably increased. WTiat is one possible explanation for this observation? Is MnO2 part of the stoichiometry of the decomposition of H2O2?
How do chemists envision reactions taking place in terms of the collision model for reactions? Give an example of a simple reaction and how you might envision the reaction’s taking place by means of a collision between the molecules.
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Consider the following energy diagram (not to scale) for the reaction. 2CH3(g)C2H6(g) (a) What is the activation energy of the forward reaction? (b) At what point would 2CH3 (g) appear? (c) What is H for the reaction? (d) What is the activation energy of the reverse reaction? (e) At what point would C2H6 certainly be found? (f) What is any species at point C called?
Experimental data are listed here for the reaction A 2 B. (a) Prepare a graph from these data; connect the points with a smooth line; and calculate the rate of change of [B] for each 10-second interval from 0.0 to 40.0 seconds. Does the rate of change decrease from one time interval to the next? Suggest a reason for this result. (b) How is the rate of change of [A] related to the rate of change of [B] in each time interval? Calculate the rate of change of [A] for the time interval from 10.0 to 20.0 seconds.
The following statements relate to the reaction for the formation of HI: H2(g) + I2(g) -* 2 HI(g) Rate = it[HJ [I2J Determine which of the following statements are true. If a statement is false, indicate why it is incorrect. The reaction must occur in a single step. This is a second-order reaction overall. Raising the temperature will cause the value of k to decrease. Raising the temperature lowers the activation energy' for this reaction. If the concentrations of both reactants are doubled, the rate will double. Adding a catalyst in the reaction will cause the initial rate to increase.
The reaction NO(g)+O3NO2(g)+O2(g) was studied by performing two experiments. In the first experiment the rate of disappearance of NO was followed in the presence of a large excess of O3. The results were as follows ([O3] remains effectively constant at 1.0 1014 molecules/cm3): Time(ms) [NO] (molecules/cm3) 0 6.0 108 100 1 5.0 108 500 1 2.4 108 700 1 1.7 108 1000 1 9.9 107 In the second experiment [NO] was held constant at2.0 1014 molecules/cm3. The data for the disappearance of O3 are as follows: Time(ms) [O3] (molecules/cm3) 0 1.0 1010 50 1 8.4 109 100 1 7.0 109 200 1 4.9 109 300 1 3.4 109 a. What is the order with respect to each reactant? b. What is the overall rate law? c. What is the value of the rate constant from each set of experiments? Rate=k[NO]xRate=k[O3]y d. What is the value of the rate constant for the overall rate law? Rate=k[NO]x[O3]y
Consider the following statements: In general, the rate of a chemical reaction increases a bit at first because it takes a while for the reaction to get warmed up. After that, however, the rate of the reaction decreases because its rate is dependent on the concentrations of the reactants, and these are decreasing. Indicate everything that is correct in these statements, and indicate everything that is incorrect. Correct the incorrect statements and explain.
The reaction H2SeO3(aq) + 6I-(aq) + 4H+(aq) Se(s) + 2I-3(aq) + 3H2O(l) was studied at 0C, and the following data were obtained: [H2SeO3]0 (mol/L) [H+]0 (mol/L) [I]0(mol/L) Initial Rate (mol/L s) 1.0 104 2.0 102 2.0 102 1.66 107 2.0 104 2.0 102 2.0 10-2 3.33 107 3.0 104 2.0 102 2.0 102 4.99 107 1.0 104 4.0 102 2.0 102 6.66 107 1.0 104 1.0 102 2.0 102 0.42 107 1.0 104 2.0 102 4.0 102 13.2 107 1.0 104 1.0 102 4.0 102 3.36 107 These relationships hold only if there is a very small amount of I3 present. What is the rate law and the value of the rate constant? (Assumethatrate=[H2SeO3]t)
You are studying the kinetics of the reaction H2(g) + F2(g) 2HF(g) and you wish to determine a mechanism for the reaction. You run the reaction twice by keeping one reactant at a much higher pressure than the other reactant (this lower-pressure reactant begins at 1.000 atm). Unfortunately, you neglect to record which reactant was at the higher pressure, and you forget which it was later. Your data for the first experiment are: Pressure of HF (atm) Time(min) 0 0 0.300 30.0 0.600 65.8 0.900 110.4 1.200 169.1 1.500 255.9 When you ran the second experiment (in which the higher pressure reactant was run at a much higher pressure), you determine the values of the apparent rate constants to be the same. It also turns out that you find data taken from another person in the lab. This individual found that the reaction proceeds 40.0 times faster at 55C than at 35C. You also know, from the energy-level diagram, that there are three steps to the mechanism, and the first step has the highest activation energy. You look up the bond energies of the species involved and they are (in kJ/mol): H8H (432), F8F (154), and H8F (565). a. Sketch an energy-level diagram (qualitative) that is consistent with the one described previously. Hint: See Exercise 106. b. Develop a reasonable mechanism for the reaction. c. Which reactant was limiting in the experiments?
The following data were collected in two studies of the reaction 2A+BC+D Time (s) Experiment 1 [A] (mol/L) 102 Experiment 2 [A] (mol/L) 102 0 10.0 10.0 20. 6.67 5.00 40. 5.00 3.33 60. 4.00 2.50 80. 3.33 2.00 100. 2.86 1.67 120. 2.50 1.43 In Experiment 1, [B]0 = 5.0 M. In Experiment 2, [B]0 = 10.0 M. Rate=[A]t a. Why is [B] much greater than [A]? b. Give the rate law and value for k for this reaction.
The reaction 2 NO(g) + 2 H2(g) N2(g) + 2 H2O(g) was studied at 904 C, and the data in the table were collected. (a) Determine the order of the reaction for each reactant. (b) Write the rate equation for the reaction. (c) Calculate the rate constant for the reaction. (d) Find the rate of appearance of N2 at the instant when [NO] = 0.350 mol/L and [H] = 0.205 mol/L.