Number 33 only 5 24. What are the limitations on creating a fusionreactor? (12.7)25. What is the difference between enriched anddepleted uranium? What are the uses of eachform? (12.8)26. Describe two military uses of radioisotopes.(12.8)27. One advantage of neutron activation analysis isthat it does not destroy the sample being tested.Why is this desirable for forensic analysis ofevidence? (EA)28. What is one limitation on the widespread use ofneutron activation analysis? (EA)29. Because mass casualties from the explosion of aradiological dispersion device are highlyunlikely, what are the true goals of a terroristorganization using such a device? What are thescientific issues that would have to be addresseda case of such an incident? (12.10)30. Why are dirty weaponsof mass disruption? (12.10)31. Historically, the testing of nuclear weaponstechnology moved from above-ground orunderwater detonations to underground testing.Why would underground testing of nuclearweapons be considered a safer alternative? (CP)32. What is a nuclear transmutation reaction andhow does it differ from radioactive decay? (CP)37. Provide the missing information to balance thefollowing radioactive decay systems. (12.3)(a) 128Au → _fe +(b) 23Pu →(c) }H(d) 235U →38. Provide the missing information to balance thefollowing radioactive decay systems. (12.3)(a) 33U → a +(b) 13Cs →(c) 23Th →(d) 3K →B +39. Determine the amount of radioisotope under thefollowing conditions. Refer to Table 12.1 forhalf-life information. (12.4)(a) The original amount of iodine-131 if 0.217 gremains after four half-lives.(b) The original amount of iodine-131 if 0.915 kgremains after 40.0 days.le) The amount of einsteinium-243 if 82.7 mg+ 23{U+ }He+ 23{ThJ=1.0+ 22°Racolt =cal = 1of clecf electinreferred to asweaponsn-Okidiundergoes three half-lives.(d) The amount of einsteinium-243 if 0.451 g isobserved after 105 seconds.40. Determine the amount of radioisotope usder thefollowing conditions. Refer to Table 12.1 forhalf-life information. (12.4).(a) The original amount of phosphorue 12 if1.79 kg remain after three half-lives.(b) The original amount of phosphorus-32 ifneutral(on aremanvine :P 1Problems33. Write a balanced equation for the followingisotopes undergoing alpha decay.(a) Radon-218(b) Bismuth-21334. Write a balanced equation for the followingogenen=-2g remain after 28.3 days.The amount of nobeljum-259 if 371 ngundergoes(d) The amount of nobelium-259 if 0.499g isobserved after 5 hr.41. Provide the missing information to balancethe following nuclear transmutationreactions. (12.8)(a)(b)(c) }{Sn + fe →(d)42. Provide the missing information to balancethe following nuclear transmutationreactions. (12.8)(a) 14N + He →(b)(c) He + 23Pu →(d) 23U +(c) Curium-244U(d) Uranium-238six half-lives.)mו <Isotopes undergoing alpha decay.(a) Polonium-215(b) Astatine-21835. Write a balanced equation for the followinghedt(c) Thorium-229(d) Californium-252heatPe → 7Fe + yốn → £9C0 + yisotopes undergoing beta decay.(a) Tin-121(b) Tungsten-188(c) Argon-42(d) Carbon-1436. Write a balanced equation for the followingisotopes undergoing beta decay.(a) Lead-209(b) Phosphorus-33(c) Strontium-89(d) Argon-39STom ai daidW Snoitoson+ a → {ArSyrlw bne valohals+ }HHe 3{n + 233Pu4 heofnoio233Np + -9eSlowpenetCHAPTER 12 · Nuclear Chemistry: Energy, Medicine, Weapons, and Terrorism

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24. What are the limitations on creating a fusion reactor? (12.7) 25. What is the difference between enriched and depleted uranium? What are the uses of each form? (12.8) 26. Describe two military uses of radioisotopes. (12.8) 27. One advantage of neutron activation analysis is that it does not destroy the sample being tested. Why is this desirable for forensic analysis of evidence? (EA) 28. What is one limitation on the widespread use of neutron activation analysis? (EA) 29. Because mass casualties from the explosion of a radiological dispersion device are highly unlikely, what are the true goals of a terrorist organization using such a device? What are the scientific issues that would have to be addressed in case of such an incident? (12.10) 30. Why are dirty weapons referred to as weapons of mass disruption? (12.10) 31. Historically, the testing of nuclear weapons technology moved from above-ground or underwater detonations to underground testing. Why would underground testing of nuclear weapons be considered a safer alternative? (CP) 32. What is a nuclear transmutation reaction and how does it differ from radioactive decay? (CP) 37. Provide the missing information to balance the following radioactive decay systems. (12.3) (a) 12Au → -fe + (b) 광Pu (c) }H→ (d) 23{U → 38. Provide the missing information to balance the following radioactive decay systems. (12.3) (a) 233U → a + (b) Cs → (c) 2공Th→ (d) 13K → B + 39. Determine the amount of radioisotope under the following conditions. Refer to Table 12.1 for half-life information. (12.4) (a) The original amount of iodine-131 if 0.217 g remains after four half-lives. (b) The original amount of iodine-131 if 0.915 kg remains after 40.0 days. (c) The amount of einsteinium-243 if 82.7 mg undergoes three half-lives. (d) The amount of einsteinium-243 if 0.451 g is observed after 105 seconds. 40. Determine the amount of radioisotope usaer the following conditions. Refer to Table 12.1 for half-life information. (12.4) (a) The original amount of phosphorus :2 if 1.79 kg remain after three half-lives. (b) The original amount of phosphorus-32 if 1.08 g remain after 28.3 days. (c) The amount of nobelium-259 if 371 ng undergoes six half-lives. (d) The amount of nobelium-259 if 0.499g is observed after S hr. 41. Provide the missing information to balance the following nuclear transmutation reactions. (12.8) (a) (b) (c) Sn + fe (d) 42. Provide the missing information to balance.0r the following nuclear transmutation reactions. (12.8) (a) 14N + He→ (b) (c) He + 23¿Pu → (d) 23U + + 235U + }He + 23{Th + 2Ra 228 Problems 33. Write a balanced equation for the following isotopes undergoing alpha decay. (a) Radon-218 (b) Bismuth-213 34. Write a balanced equation for the following isotopes undergoing alpha decay. (a) Polonium-215 (b) Astatine-218 35. Write a balanced equation for the following isotopes undergoing beta decay. (a) Tin-121 (b) Tungsten-188 (c) Argon-42 (d) Carbon-14 Sedw bae abhas 36. Write a balanced equation for the following isotopes undergoing beta decay. (a) Lead-209 (b) Phosphorus-33 (c) Strontium-89 (d) Argon-39 (c) Curium-244U (d) Uranium-238 (c) Thorium-229 (d) Californium-252 -fe→Fe + y n → £9C0 + y Snoimson + a Ar H + + He → 3{n + 232Pu