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24. The following diagrams contain one or more of the compounds: H2A, NaHA, and NazA, where H2A is a weak diprotic acid. Water molecules and Na* ions have been omitted for clarity.

24. The following diagrams contain one or more of the compounds: H2A, NaHA, and NazA, where H2A is a weak diprotic acid. Water molecules and Na* ions have been omitted for clarity.

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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--- **Understanding Weak Diprotic Acid Systems** In the context of weak diprotic acids, such as \(\text{H}_2\text{A}\), the dissociation process can be visualized using particle diagrams. Here, we'll analyze the different stages and forms these compounds take as they dissociate in solution. For clarity, water molecules and \(\text{Na}^+\) ions are omitted from the illustrations. 1. **Key Representations in Diagrams:** - \(\text{H}_2\text{A}\): Green and white double sphere - \(\text{HA}^-\): Green and white single sphere - \(\text{A}^{2-}\): Green single sphere 2. **Diagram Analysis:** - **Diagram (a): Predominance of \(\text{H}_2\text{A}\)** - Depicts mostly undissociated \(\text{H}_2\text{A}\) molecules. - This suggests a scenario where the acid has not begun, or has just started, dissociating. - **Diagram (b): Intermediate Dissociation** - Shows a mixture of \(\text{H}_2\text{A}\) and \(\text{HA}^-\). - Indicates first-stage dissociation, producing hydrogen ions and the \(\text{HA}^-\) ion. - **Diagram (c): Full Dissociation to \(\text{A}^{2-}\)** - Contains primarily the \(\text{A}^{2-}\) ions. - Represents a high pH scenario where the acid has fully dissociated. - **Diagram (d): Presence of \(\text{HA}^-\) and \(\text{A}^{2-}\)** - Displays a combination of \(\text{HA}^-\) and \(\text{A}^{2-}\). - Suggests partial progression beyond the first dissociation stage, approaching the second dissociation step. These visual tools help in understanding how weak diprotic acids behave in solution, crucial for grasping fundamental concepts in chemistry education. ---
Transcribed Image Text:--- **Understanding Weak Diprotic Acid Systems** In the context of weak diprotic acids, such as \(\text{H}_2\text{A}\), the dissociation process can be visualized using particle diagrams. Here, we'll analyze the different stages and forms these compounds take as they dissociate in solution. For clarity, water molecules and \(\text{Na}^+\) ions are omitted from the illustrations. 1. **Key Representations in Diagrams:** - \(\text{H}_2\text{A}\): Green and white double sphere - \(\text{HA}^-\): Green and white single sphere - \(\text{A}^{2-}\): Green single sphere 2. **Diagram Analysis:** - **Diagram (a): Predominance of \(\text{H}_2\text{A}\)** - Depicts mostly undissociated \(\text{H}_2\text{A}\) molecules. - This suggests a scenario where the acid has not begun, or has just started, dissociating. - **Diagram (b): Intermediate Dissociation** - Shows a mixture of \(\text{H}_2\text{A}\) and \(\text{HA}^-\). - Indicates first-stage dissociation, producing hydrogen ions and the \(\text{HA}^-\) ion. - **Diagram (c): Full Dissociation to \(\text{A}^{2-}\)** - Contains primarily the \(\text{A}^{2-}\) ions. - Represents a high pH scenario where the acid has fully dissociated. - **Diagram (d): Presence of \(\text{HA}^-\) and \(\text{A}^{2-}\)** - Displays a combination of \(\text{HA}^-\) and \(\text{A}^{2-}\). - Suggests partial progression beyond the first dissociation stage, approaching the second dissociation step. These visual tools help in understanding how weak diprotic acids behave in solution, crucial for grasping fundamental concepts in chemistry education. ---
Write reaction equations to represent for each solution: (1) Which of the solutions can act as buffer solutions? (Explain) (2) Which solution is the most effective buffer solution? (Explain)
Transcribed Image Text:Write reaction equations to represent for each solution: (1) Which of the solutions can act as buffer solutions? (Explain) (2) Which solution is the most effective buffer solution? (Explain)
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