22. A solution of sodium sulfide reacts with 200. mL of 3.75 M HCl to form a solution of sodium chloride and hydrogen sulfide gas (H₂S). What volume of hydrogen sulfide is collected at STP?
Ideal and Real Gases
Ideal gases obey conditions of the general gas laws under all states of pressure and temperature. Ideal gases are also named perfect gases. The attributes of ideal gases are as follows,
Gas Laws
Gas laws describe the ways in which volume, temperature, pressure, and other conditions correlate when matter is in a gaseous state. The very first observations about the physical properties of gases was made by Robert Boyle in 1662. Later discoveries were made by Charles, Gay-Lussac, Avogadro, and others. Eventually, these observations were combined to produce the ideal gas law.
Gaseous State
It is well known that matter exists in different forms in our surroundings. There are five known states of matter, such as solids, gases, liquids, plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate. The last two are known newly in the recent days. Thus, the detailed forms of matter studied are solids, gases and liquids. The best example of a substance that is present in different states is water. It is solid ice, gaseous vapor or steam and liquid water depending on the temperature and pressure conditions. This is due to the difference in the intermolecular forces and distances. The occurrence of three different phases is due to the difference in the two major forces, the force which tends to tightly hold molecules i.e., forces of attraction and the disruptive forces obtained from the thermal energy of molecules.
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![**Educational Content: Chemistry Problem Solving**
**Problem Statement:**
22. A solution of sodium sulfide reacts with 200. mL of 3.75 M HCl to form a solution of sodium chloride and hydrogen sulfide gas (H₂S). What volume of hydrogen sulfide is collected at STP?
**Analysis:**
This problem involves a stoichiometric calculation based on the reaction between sodium sulfide (Na₂S) and hydrochloric acid (HCl). The reaction produces sodium chloride (NaCl) and hydrogen sulfide gas (H₂S).
**Key Information:**
- Volume of HCl solution = 200. mL
- Molarity of HCl solution = 3.75 M
- Final product gases: H₂S
- Conditions: Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP), where 1 mole of any ideal gas occupies 22.4 L.
### Step-by-Step Solution:
1. **Balanced Chemical Equation:**
The reaction between sodium sulfide and hydrochloric acid can be written as:
\[
Na₂S + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H₂S
\]
2. **Moles of HCl:**
Calculate the moles of HCl provided:
\[
Moles\ of\ HCl = Molarity \times Volume (in\ liters)
\]
\[
Moles\ of\ HCl = 3.75\ M \times 0.200\ L = 0.75\ moles\ HCl
\]
3. **Stoichiometry:**
According to the balanced equation, 2 moles of HCl produce 1 mole of H₂S.
Therefore, moles of H₂S produced:
\[
Moles\ of\ H₂S = \frac{moles\ of\ HCl}{2} = \frac{0.75}{2} = 0.375\ moles\ H₂S
\]
4. **Volume of H₂S at STP:**
At STP, 1 mole of gas occupies 22.4 liters. Thus,
\[
Volume\ of\ H₂S = moles\ of\ H₂S \times 22.4\ L/mol
\]
\[
Volume\ of\ H₂S =](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fec9904e6-dc28-47e5-ba82-a0b2892d5fea%2F5bf362e2-acd9-417e-a4c4-39e2ec59c80b%2Fex9kyg6_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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